Categories
Egyptian Artifacts

Talatat of Akhenaten

These small 𓈖𓆓𓋴𓅩 limestone 𓇋𓈖𓈙𓌉 blocks are called “Talatat” and were used solely during the reign 𓋾𓈎𓏏 of the pharaoh 𓉐𓉻 Akhenaten 𓇋𓏏𓈖𓇳𓅞𓐍𓈖! These were used in the construction of the Aten 𓇋𓏏𓈖𓇳 temple 𓉟𓏏𓉐 at Karnak (this construction started when he was still Amenhotep IV 𓇋𓏠𓈖𓊵𓊹𓋾𓌀) and the palace 𓂝𓎛𓏏𓉥𓉐 at Akhetaten 𓈌𓏏𓉐𓇋𓏏𓈖𓊖. Akhetaten 𓈌𓏏𓉐𓇋𓏏𓈖𓊖 was the capital of Egypt 𓆎𓅓𓏏𓊖 during the reign 𓋾𓈎𓏏 of Akhenaten 𓇋𓏏𓈖𓇳𓅞𓐍𓈖. 

Talatat of Akhenaten
Talatat from Amarna at the MET. The top talatat shows an image of the pharaoh Akhenaten

The top Talatat in the picture 𓏏𓅱𓏏 was part of a much larger relief which was the pinnacle image of the time – Akhenaten 𓇋𓏏𓈖𓇳𓅞𓐍𓈖 and the royal family (including Nefertiti 𓇋𓏏𓈖𓇳𓄤𓄤𓄤𓄤𓄤𓇍𓏏𓏭) receiving “Ankhs 𓋹” which is the symbol for “Life” from the Aten 𓇋𓏏𓈖𓇳. 

The Talatat were unique because they were so small 𓈖𓆓𓋴𓅩 that a single worker could carry one and put it into place. This was meant to expedite construction and make building a lot faster. The Talatat are also unique because they were only used during the reign 𓋾𓈎𓏏 of Akhenaten 𓇋𓏏𓈖𓇳𓅞𓐍𓈖, and were never used again. 

Even though originally from Amarna 𓈌𓏏𓉐𓇋𓏏𓈖𓊖, these Talatat were actually found in other places across Egypt 𓆎𓅓𓏏𓊖.  After Akhenaten’s 𓇋𓏏𓈖𓇳𓅞𓐍𓈖 reign 𓋾𓈎𓏏, his monuments 𓏠𓏍 were destroyed and building materials were used by other pharaohs 𓉐𓉻𓏦!

I like to think of this as an ancient Egyptian recycling program! It’s truly fascinating to see not only how the ancient Egyptians procured some of their building materials, but also to understand the intent behind them. Since Akhenaten was to be “erased” from history, his monuments were destroyed and the materials repurposed.

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Video

Tour of Gallery 122

Let’s go on a tour of Gallery 122 at the Metropolitan Museum of Art!

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One of my favorite things about the Metropolitan Museum of Art are these little “hidden” galleries that are off-shoots of the main galleries! This is Gallery 122, and it’s one of my favorites because this gallery houses many Amarna-era pieces along with pieces from the 19th Dynasty! The 18th and 19th Dynasties are my favorite parts of Egyptian History! There are so many little and wonderful hidden treasures in these rooms! They may not be the “big-ticket must-see” artifacts, but they have their own unique charms and history and I love them! Among the pieces in this gallery are Amarna-age trial pieces, broken pieces of statues 𓏏𓅱𓏏𓀾 of Akhenaten 𓇋𓏏𓈖𓇳𓅜𓐍𓈖/Nefertiti 𓇋𓏏𓈖𓇳𓄤𓄤𓄤𓄤𓄤𓇍𓏏𓏭, many different ushabti 𓅱𓈙𓃀𓏏𓏭𓀾 figures, flowers 𓆼𓅱𓆰𓏦 from the funeral of Tutankhamun 𓇋𓏠𓈖𓏏𓅱𓏏𓋹𓋾𓉺𓇓, a wooden statue 𓏏𓅱𓏏𓀾 of Anubis 𓇋𓈖𓊪𓅱𓃣, lots of pottery 𓏠𓈖𓇋𓏋 shards and so much more! I hope you enjoy this little gallery tour! Follow me to learn all about ancient Egypt, hieroglyphs, Egyptian mythology, art, culture and more! This is my personal video and original text. DO NOT repost. #ancientEgypt #egyptianhistory #egyptianmythology #metropolitanmuseumofart #metmuseum #egyptology #ancientegyptblog #anticoegitto #egitto

♬ Glimpse (Slowed + Reverb) – Gabriel Albuquerqüe

One of my favorite things about the Metropolitan Museum of Art are these little “hidden” galleries that are off-shoots of the main galleries! Gallery 122, is one of my favorites because this gallery houses many Amarna-era pieces along with pieces from the 19th Dynasty! The 18th and 19th Dynasties are my favorite parts of Egyptian History! 

There are so many little and wonderful hidden treasures in these rooms! They may not be the “big-ticket must-see” artifacts, but they have their own unique charms and history and I love them! 

Among the pieces in this gallery are Amarna-age trial pieces, broken pieces of statues 𓏏𓅱𓏏𓀾 of Akhenaten 𓇋𓏏𓈖𓇳𓅜𓐍𓈖/Nefertiti 𓇋𓏏𓈖𓇳𓄤𓄤𓄤𓄤𓄤𓇍𓏏𓏭, many different ushabti 𓅱𓈙𓃀𓏏𓏭𓀾 figures, flowers 𓆼𓅱𓆰𓏦 from the funeral of Tutankhamun 𓇋𓏠𓈖𓏏𓅱𓏏𓋹𓋾𓉺𓇓, a wooden statue 𓏏𓅱𓏏𓀾 of Anubis 𓇋𓈖𓊪𓅱𓃣, lots of pottery 𓏠𓈖𓇋𓏋 shards and so much more! 

I hope you enjoy this little gallery tour! 

This is my personal video and original text. DO NOT repost. 

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Categories
Reading Hieroglyphs

Name of Thutmosis I or Thutmosis II?

Have you ever asked yourself “Are these hieroglyphs the name of Thutmosis I 𓇳𓉻𓆣𓂓 or Thutmosis II 𓇳𓉻𓆣𓈖?” The names are so similar, that if you’re reading hieroglyphs 𓊹𓌃𓏪, you probably have!

The discovery of the tomb 𓇋𓇩𓊃𓉐 of Thutmosis II 𓇳𓉻𓆣𓈖 is so exciting and I cannot wait to learn more about this discovery!! The 18th Dynasty is my favorite time period, and Hatshepsut 𓇋𓏠𓈖𓎹𓏏𓄂𓏏𓀼𓏪 is my favorite pharaoh 𓉐𓉻 so I am really excited about all of the new information that can be learned from this discovery!

In celebration of this wonderful discovery, Let’s read some hieroglyphs 𓊹𓌃𓏪!

Thutmosis I or Thutmosis II
A display of scarabs which show the names of the 18th Dynasty pharaohs Thutmosis I and Thutmosis II. This display is at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in NYC. Can you find the name of Thutmosis II amongst the Thutmosis I scarabs?

In this beautiful 𓄤𓆑𓂋 display of scarabs 𓐍𓊪𓂋𓂋𓆣𓏪 at the MET, there is a collection with the names 𓂋𓈖𓏦 of the pharaohs 𓉐𓉻𓏥 Thutmosis I 𓇳𓉻𓆣𓂓 and Thutmosis II 𓇳𓉻𓆣𓈖. Except there is a mistake in the display – one of the scarabs 𓐍𓊪𓂋𓂋𓆣𓏪 in the Thutmosis I 𓇳𓉻𓆣𓂓 section actually belonged to Thutmosis II 𓇳𓉻𓆣𓈖!

Can you find it? Scroll below to see the answer once you’ve looked! 

Thutmosis I or Thutmosis II

It’s the scarab 𓐍𓊪𓂋𓂋𓆣 in the bottom row, second from the left! The throne names 𓂋𓈖𓏦 of Thutmosis I 𓇳𓉻𓆣𓂓 and Thutmosis II 𓇳𓉻𓆣𓈖 are very similar to each other – there is only a one hieroglyph difference between the two! 

Let’s take a closer look at the names: 

𓇳𓉻𓆣𓂓 – “Great 𓉻 is the Manifestation 𓆣 of the soul 𓂓 of Ra 𓇳” (Thutmosis I)

𓇳𓉻𓆣𓈖 – “Great 𓉻 is the Manifestation 𓆣 of 𓈖 Ra 𓇳” (Thutmosis II) 

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Categories
Egyptian Artifacts

World Hippopotamus Day

Apparently yesterday 𓋴𓆑𓇳 was World Hippopotamus 𓌉𓏏𓃯 Day and I missed it! I guess it’s not that big of a deal because I feel like every day 𓎟𓇳 is hippo 𓌉𓏏𓃯 day to me! This picture 𓏏𓅱𓏏 is the last time I saw William at the MET before I moved to Florida, and yes I was crying! 

World Hippopotamus Day
Me with my plush William (and the real William) at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in NYC. I was crying in this picture because I don’t know when I will see William in person next as I have moved to Florida!

It’s no mystery that I love the blue 𓇋𓁹𓏏𓄿𓏸𓏥 faience 𓋣𓈖𓏏𓏸𓏼 hippos 𓌉𓏏𓃯𓏦 that were common during the Middle Kingdom! “William” is the name 𓂋𓈖 given to the blue 𓇋𓁹𓏏𓄿𓏸𓏥 faience 𓋣𓈖𓏏𓏸𓏼 hippo 𓌉𓏏𓃯 at the MET! William was made in the first part of the 12th Dynasty (c. 1961–1878 B.C.E.) and was found in a tomb 𓇋𓇩𓊃𓉐 in Upper Egypt 𓇓. 

In Egypt 𓆎𓅓𓏏𓊖, hippos 𓌉𓏏𓃯𓏦 were both feared and respected 𓈙𓆑𓄅. They were feared because they were one of the most dangerous animals in the Nile Valley 𓇗. 

However, hippos 𓌉𓏏𓃯𓏦 were also thought to be powerful protectors 𓅓𓂝𓎡𓀜 against evil, which is why statues 𓏏𓅱𓏏𓀾𓏪 such as Willam were placed in tombs 𓇋𓇩𓊃𓉐! If you look closely though, three of William’s legs have been restored – they were probably broken off in antiquity to protect the deceased 𓅓𓏏𓏱 from the hippopotamus 𓌉𓏏𓃯! 

A closeup image of William at the MET! This image clearly shows the painted Lotus flowers and his restored legs!

William has lotus flowers 𓆸𓏪 painted all over him to associate him with rebirth 𓄟𓍿𓅱 and regeneration! William is most likely painted blue 𓇋𓁹𓏏𓄿𓏸𓏥 to represent the Nile River 𓇋𓏏𓂋𓅱𓈗𓈘𓈇𓏺. 

I hope everyone had a wonderful World Hippopotamus 𓌉𓏏𓃯 Day!

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Blog

Five Years

It’s been five years since my Nonno passed away and I still have no words to describe how much I miss my Nonno. The pain I felt on this day five years ago is still ever present and is something that will probably never go away. 

My Nonno was such a big part of my life and everything reminds me of him. The most obvious one, ancient Egypt, reminds me the most of him. My apartment is littered with not only his ancient Egyptian trinkets but also his books. My brain is full of all the wonderful things he taught me. My soul is filled with the passion for ancient history that he instilled in me. 

But it’s not only ancient Egypt – it’s Disney World, anything Italian, even my vacuum cleaner (because he gave it to me). I can’t even clean without a reminder that he isn’t here with us anymore. I can’t ride the Haunted Mansion, Tower of Terror, and the Peoplemover without remembering how much he loved those rides and how much I wish he could be here in Florida with me to enjoy them. 

“But what is grief if not love persevering?” is a quote from WandaVision that I think about frequently and I feel accurately describes my emotions. My grief/love will always be present – and I think that’s the curse of being so lucky. I was so lucky to have my Nonno and to be his granddaughter. 

Five Years
One of my selves dedicated to my Nonno – the Hatshepsut Stela from the Vatican he gave me, the picture frame is his, and in the picture frame is my favorite picture of us from our trip to Pompeii in July of 2024.

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Categories
Egyptian Artifacts

Head of Akhenaten or Nefertiti?

The MET has this piece listed as “Head of Akhenaten or Nefertiti” but to me, the head looks more like Nefertiti 𓇋𓏏𓈖𓇳𓄤𓄤𓄤𓄤𓄤𓇍𓏏𓏭 than Akhenaten 𓇋𓏏𓈖𓇳𓅜𓐍𓈖! Let me know who you think this piece looks more like in the comments!  

This piece is dated to c. 1353–1336 B.C.E., which unsurprisingly is during the reign 𓋾𓈎𓏏 of Akhenaten 𓇋𓏏𓈖𓇳𓅜𓐍𓈖. The piece was found during the 1891-1892 excavations of Akhetaten 𓈌𓏏𓉐𓇋𓏏𓈖𓊖 (present-day Amarna) by Flinders Petrie and Howard Carter. 

The bust was found in one of the sculptor’s 𓋴𓋹𓈖𓐍𓀀 workshops. The sculptor’s 𓋴𓋹𓈖𓐍𓀀 workshops in Akhetaten 𓈌𓏏𓉐𓇋𓏏𓈖𓊖 have been the source of many beautiful 𓄤𓆑𓂋 pieces from this time period. I love the artifacts that are found in an unfinished state because it gives such insight into how these incredible ancient Egyptian artists worked and it shows that even the most grand of pieces started off in humble states! If this piece had been finished, would it have looked like the famous Bust of Nefertiti 𓇋𓏏𓈖𓇳𓄤𓄤𓄤𓄤𓄤𓇍𓏏𓏭? Or was the piece just meant to be a trial piece and this was what it was supposed to look like?

One of my favorite things about this account is I get to learn as I am teaching! I did not know the word for “sculptor 𓋴𓋹𓈖𓐍𓀀” off the top of my head so I looked it up! One of the alternative translations for “sculptor 𓋴𓋹𓈖𓐍𓀀“ is “Life Giver” which I find so fascinating – it really gives insight into the Egyptian culture because the image 𓏏𓅱𓏏 or statue 𓏏𓅱𓏏𓀾 of a person could give 𓏙 life 𓋹 to them after death! 

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Egyptian Artifacts

The Apis Bull

These are bronze 𓈔𓏤𓈒𓏦 statues 𓏏𓅱𓏏𓀾 of the Apis Bull 𓎛𓐑𓊪𓃒. The worship 𓇼𓄿𓀢 of the Apis Bull 𓎛𓐑𓊪𓃒 can actually be traced back to as early as the First Dynasty! 

The Apis Bull 𓎛𓐑𓊪𓃒 was associated with fertility and rebirth 𓄟𓍿𓅱 and was mostly worshipped 𓇼𓄿𓀢 in Memphis 𓏠𓈖𓄤𓆑𓂋𓉴𓊖 near the Ptah 𓊪𓏏𓎛𓁱 Temple 𓉟𓏏𓉐. People would travel from various locations to the temple 𓉟𓏏𓉐 just to worship 𓇼𓄿𓀢 the Apis Bull 𓎛𓐑𓊪𓃒, and the mother 𓅐𓏏 of the Apis Bull 𓎛𓐑𓊪𓃒. 

While Hathor 𓉡 is probably the most famous of the cow 𓄤𓆑𓂋𓏏𓃒 deities 𓊹𓊹𓊹, the Apis Bull 𓎛𓐑𓊪𓃒 was also very widely worshipped 𓇼𓄿𓀢 and represented eternity 𓎛𓇳𓎛 and the harmonious balance of the whole universe. The Apis Bull 𓎛𓐑𓊪𓃒 was usually associated with the pharaoh 𓉐𓉻 which is probably why a lot of pharaohs 𓉐𓉻𓏦 were referred to with the title of the “strong bull 𓂡𓃒.” This was to represent the strength 𓄇𓏏𓂝𓏭 and vitality of the pharaoh 𓉐𓉻. 

Usually a live bull 𓂋𓈖𓈖𓃒 was used to be worshipped, and the bull 𓂋𓈖𓈖𓃒 needed to have special markings on it such as a triangle shape on its forehead, or patches that represented wings 𓂧𓌳𓏏𓆃𓏦 on its body. When the bull 𓂋𓈖𓈖𓃒 that was being worshipped 𓇼𓄿𓀢 as the Apis Bull 𓎛𓐑𓊪𓃒 died, it was embalmed 𓋴𓂧𓐍𓅱𓐎 and buried elaborately. A new bull 𓂋𓈖𓈖𓃒 would then take its place. 

One of the easiest ways to recognize the Apis Bull 𓎛𓐑𓊪𓃒 in statuary is by looking for the sun disc 𓇳 on its head, and the elaborate cloth that is decorating the back of its body. In this picture it’s hard to see the triangle on its forehead that usually represented the Apis Bull 𓎛𓐑𓊪𓃒, but it is there! 

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Egyptian Artifacts

Great Sphinx of Tanis

Did you know that this sphinx 𓎛𓅱𓃭𓏤 in the Louvre is one of the largest outside of Egypt 𓆎𓅓𓏏𓊖?

The sphinx 𓎛𓅱𓃭𓏤 is known as the “Great Sphinx of Tanis” because it was found in the ruins of the Temple 𓉟𓏏𓉐 of Amun-Ra 𓇋𓏠𓈖𓏺𓇳 in Tanis 𓆓𓂝𓈖𓏏𓊖! Tanis 𓆓𓂝𓈖𓏏𓊖 was the capital of Egypt 𓆎𓅓𓏏𓊖 from the 21st-23rd Dynasties. 

The sphinx 𓎛𓅱𓃭𓏤 is made of red granite 𓅓𓌳𓏏𓎶 which is an extremely strong 𓄇𓏏𓂝𓏭 and durable rock 𓇋𓈖𓂋𓈙! Red granite 𓅓𓌳𓏏𓎶 was very valued not only for its pink color but its durability. As you can see, the sphinx 𓎛𓅱𓃭𓏤 retained its beautiful 𓄤 features really well due to the characteristics of the rock 𓇋𓈖𓂋𓈙

This sphinx 𓎛𓅱𓃭𓏤 is so interesting because the cartouches of the pharaohs 𓉐𓉻𓏦 Merneptah 𓇳𓃒𓈖𓈘𓊹𓊹𓊹 (19th Dynasty) and Sheshonq I 𓇋𓏠𓈖𓌻𓆷𓆷𓈖𓈎 (22nd Dynasty) are both seen on the sphinx 𓎛𓅱𓃭𓏤.  Why are two 𓏻 pharaoh’s 𓉐𓉻 names 𓂋𓈖𓏦 there?  Well, the Egyptians 𓆎𓏏𓀀𓁐𓏪 used to recycle monuments, a process called “usurping.” The practice of usurping was when the current pharaoh 𓉐𓉻 would take old pharaoh’s 𓉐𓉻 names 𓂋𓈖𓏦 off of monuments 𓏠𓏍 and put their own there! It is basically ancient plagiarism and it occurred quite frequently. 

Some Egyptologists say this sphinx 𓎛𓅱𓃭𓏤 actually dates back to the Old Kingdom, as the face 𓁶𓏺 doesn’t represent any known pharaoh 𓉐𓉻! A book that I have says the sphinx 𓎛𓅱𓃭𓏤 dates to the Middle Kingdom. We will probably never know when the sphinx 𓎛𓅱𓃭𓏤 was carved which is both fascinating and frustrating at the same time! 

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Egyptian Artifacts

Painted Wooden Stela

This painted wooden 𓆱𓏏𓏺 stela 𓎗𓅱𓆓𓉸 is an absolutely beautiful 𓄤𓆑𓂋 piece from the Third Intermediate Period (22nd Dynasty, c. 825–712 B.C.E.) and one of my favorites to see at the MET. 

Painted Wooden Stela at the MET

This stela 𓎗𓅱𓆓𓉸 depicts the god 𓊹 Anubis 𓇋𓈖𓊪𓅱𓃣 leading the deceased woman, Tjanetiset, to the deity 𓊹 Ra-Horakhty 𓅊𓏔𓏔𓏤. This imagery 𓏏𓅱𓏏 is very common on stelae 𓎗𓅱𓆓𓉸 from this time period. Ra-Horakhty 𓅊𓏔𓏔𓏤 is the combination of the deities Ra 𓇳𓏺𓁛 and Horus 𓅃𓀭 and he is the god 𓊹 of the morning sun 𓅃𓈌𓏏𓏭𓀭. Images 𓏏𓅱𓏏𓏦  and depictions of Ra-Horakhty 𓅊𓏔𓏔𓏤 in funerary art became more prominent during the Late Period. 

I love this piece so much because it looks like Anubis 𓇋𓈖𓊪𓅱𓃣 and the woman Tjanetiset are holding hands and he is leading her to Ra-Horakhty 𓅊𓏔𓏔𓏤! What’s very interesting is what is in Tjanetiset’s other hand! If you look closely, she is holding a heart in her hand 𓇋𓃀𓄣 and it looks like she is holding it in an offering position to Ra-Horakhty 𓅊𓏔𓏔𓏤. 

In ancient Egyptian religion/culture, the heart 𓇋𓃀𓄣 was not only the center of a person’s life 𓋹, but also thinking, memory, and moral values. The heart 𓇋𓃀𓄣 was not removed during the mummification 𓋴𓂧𓐍𓅱𓐎 process, because the deceased 𓅓𓏏𓏱 person would need it on their journey through the afterlife 𓇼𓄿𓏏𓉐. 

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Egyptian Artifacts

Akhenaten and Nefertiti

When I went to the Louvre in 2015, this was one of my must-see pieces! The love story of Akhenaten 𓇋𓏏𓈖𓇳𓅜𓐍𓈖 and Nefertiti 𓄤𓏏𓇍𓍘𓁗 has always fascinated me . This painted limestone 𓇋𓈖𓈙𓌉 statue 𓏏𓅱𓏏𓀾 reminds me of the popular “couples statues,” which depict a husband and wife sitting together, that were prominent in burials during the Old Kingdom!

Akhenaten and Nefertiti

Nefertiti 𓄤𓏏𓇍𓍘𓁗 was the “Great Royal Wife 𓇓𓏏𓈞𓏏𓅨” of Akhenaten 𓇋𓏏𓈖𓇳𓅜𓐍𓈖. This statue depicts Nefertiti 𓄤𓏏𓇍𓍘𓁗 (left) and Akhenaten 𓇋𓏏𓈖𓇳𓅜𓐍𓈖 (right) holding hands and walking forward. We know they are walking forward because one foot is placed in front of the other. 

Let’s talk about their clothing! They both have sandals 𓍿𓃀𓏏𓋸𓏪 on their feet and wearing broad collars 𓅱𓋴𓐍𓎺𓋝𓏦, the necklace 𓏠𓈖𓇋𓏏𓋧 of choice for royals and the gods 𓊹𓊹𓊹. Akhenaten 𓇋𓏏𓈖𓇳𓅜𓐍𓈖 is also wearing the blue Khepresh crown 𓆣𓂋𓈙𓋙 on his head, while Nefertiti appears to be wearing what looks like the red crown 𓂧𓈙𓂋𓏏𓋔, but there is blue 𓇋𓁹𓏏𓄿𓏸𓏥 paint 𓇨𓂋𓅱𓏭𓏸𓏦 on it! . The Uraeus 𓇋𓂝𓂋𓏏𓆗 is still present on the front of both crowns! 

What was the purpose of this statue 𓏏𓅱𓏏𓀾? This most likely came from a private home, where it was used in a shrine 𓐍𓊃𓅓𓂜𓉐 to worship 𓇼𓄿𓀢 Akhenaten 𓇋𓏏𓈖𓇳𓅜𓐍𓈖 and Nefertiti 𓄤𓏏𓇍𓍘𓁗. The common people would worship Akhenaten 𓇋𓏏𓈖𓇳𓅜𓐍𓈖 and Nefertiti 𓄤𓏏𓇍𓍘𓁗 because they were thought to be manifestations 𓆣𓆣𓆣 of the Aten 𓇋𓏏𓈖𓇳 here on Earth. 

The typical Amarna-style (elongated faces and limbs, more body fat in the stomach and thighs) is present here, which makes it very easy to identify these figures as Nefertiti 𓄤𓏏𓇍𓍘𓁗 and Akhenaten 𓇋𓏏𓈖𓇳𓅜𓐍𓈖. The Amarna art revolution is so interesting because Egyptian art didn’t change much until Akhenaten’s 𓇋𓏏𓈖𓇳𓅜𓐍𓈖 rule, then there was this drastic change, and then once Akhenaten 𓇋𓏏𓈖𓇳𓅜𓐍𓈖 died, the ancient Egyptians 𓆎𓏏𓀀𓁐𓏪 reverted back to the traditional art style and it stated that way for the rest of the civilization. 

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