Author: ancientegyptblog7

The Temple of Dendur in Color!

Post author By ancientegyptblog7
Post date November 19, 2022

One thing about Egyptian art that many people do not realize is that it once used to be very colorful! However, while time has preserved the beautiful 𓄤 carvings and inscriptions 𓏟𓏛𓏥, the paint 𓇨𓂋𓅱𓏭𓏸𓏦 on a lot of Egyptian art has been lost. This project at the MET, which features a projection of colors on to the Temple of Dendur shows what the temple 𓉟𓏏𓉐 might have looked like when it was commissioned to be built by the Emperor Augustus 𓉐𓉻𓀀. By 10 B.C.E, the temple 𓉟𓏏𓉐 construction was completed.

The relief at the Temple of Dendur without color

Usually when trying to recreate colors on past artifacts, a combination of techniques are used such as researching other similar objects (looking at the colors used at the Temple of Hathor at Dendera and the Temple of Isis at Philae), or using scientific techniques such as checking for remnants of color/paint 𓇨𓂋𓅱𓏭𓏸𓏦 using various instruments. No traces of paint 𓇨𓂋𓅱𓏭𓏸𓏦 were found on the Temple of Dendur, so looking at the paint 𓇨𓂋𓅱𓏭𓏸𓏦 used on other similar temples 𓉟𓏏𓉐𓏥 was how the colors were inferred for this particular relief.

The relief that the artists chose to recreate the color of the temple 𓉟𓏏𓉐 with shows the Emperor Augustus 𓄿𓏲𓏏𓈎𓂋𓏏𓂋 making offerings 𓊵𓏏𓊪𓏏𓏔𓏦 of wine to the Egyptian gods 𓊹𓊹𓊹 Horus 𓅃𓀭 and Hathor 𓉡! The pictures above show the progression of the colorization of the temple! This is created by using a projector to put the colors on the actual temple reliefs!

Fun fact because I can’t help myself: In this image 𓏏𓅱𓏏 you can see two 𓏻 (of Augustus’ three 𓏼) cartouches! I loved seeing these in color on the projection too!!

𓄿𓏲𓏏𓈎𓂋𓏏𓂋 Augustus (Autokrator)

𓈎𓇌𓊃𓂋𓊃𓋹𓆖 Augustus (Kaisaros)

The projection on the temple 𓉟𓏏𓉐 happens in phases, so people can see the color start to come together and that’s what I tried to show in my photographs 𓏏𓅱𓏏𓏪!! I hope you enjoy this unique look at the Temple of Dendur – let me know what you think about it!

Tags artifact, temple of dendur, the met

Reading Hieroglyphs

The “Water Jars in a Rack” Hieroglyph

Post author By ancientegyptblog7
Post date November 19, 2022

Let’s read some hieroglyphs 𓊹𓌃𓏪!

Today 𓏇𓇋𓈖𓇳, we are going to be looking at another popular hieroglyph 𓊹𓌃! This is the “water jars in a rack 𓏅” symbol!

𓏅 is most commonly used as a triliteral phonogram, and is associated with the sound ḫnt. Less commonly, 𓏅 (and it’s variants) can be used as an ideogram for the word “jar-rack” and would then be associated with the sound ḫntw.

There are many variants of this symbol, all of which have the same sound associated with them. They are also classified as “water jars in a rack: 𓏃, 𓏄, and 𓏆.” All of these can be used interchangeably!

Let’s take a look at how 𓏅 can be used in a variety of inscriptions 𓏟𓏛𓏥!

Now, 𓏅 is very commonly used as a proposition to mean “in front at/of:”

𓏅𓊹𓉱/𓏅𓏏𓊹𓉱 – In Front at the God’s Booth (one of Anubis’ 𓇋𓈖𓊪𓅱𓃣 epithets)

𓏅𓈖𓏏 – At the Head of/In Front of

𓏅 Is also commonly used to mean the word “Foremost,” especially in epithets of the gods𓊹𓊹𓊹. “Foremost” can also be written as “𓄂𓏏.”

𓏅𓈖𓏏𓏭𓋀𓄿/ – Foremost of the Westerners (one of Osiris’ 𓁹𓊨𓀭 epithets)

𓏅𓋀𓏏𓏏𓈊 – Foremost of the West (I have seen this epithet of Osiris 𓁹𓊨𓀭 written this way too)

𓏶𓏅 – Is Foremost (priest’s title)

𓏅 can also function as an ordinal number and mean “First.”

Tags hieroglyph lessons, hieroglyphs, the met

Reading Hieroglyphs

The “Sedge” Hieroglyph

Post author By ancientegyptblog7
Post date November 19, 2022

Let’s read some hieroglyphs 𓊹𓌃𓏪!

Today 𓏇𓇋𓈖𓇳, we are going to be looking at another popular hieroglyph 𓊹𓌃! This is the “sedge 𓇓” symbol!

The 𓇓 is a biliteral phonogram and has the sound of “sw.” The symbol can also function as an ideogram for both the words “king (nswt)” and “sedge (swt).” The sedge 𓇓 is also the symbol to represent Upper Egypt!

Let’s take a look at some examples of how 𓇓 can be used in words!

𓇓 – King

𓇓𓏏𓈖𓀭 – King

𓇓𓏏𓈖𓀲 – King

𓇓𓏏𓇌𓏛/𓇓𓏏𓈖𓇌𓏛 – To Be King

𓇓𓇌 – Kingship

𓇓𓏏𓏏𓈞 King’s Wife

𓇓𓂋𓐍𓏏 – King’s Acquaintance (literally “King’s 𓇓 Knowledge 𓂋𓐍𓏏(𓏜)”)

Now, let’s take a look at some examples of how 𓇓 can be used in popular phrases:

𓆥 – He of the Sedge and the Bee or King of Upper and Lower Egypt

𓇓𓏏𓊵𓏙 – An Offering the King Gives (𓇓 – King, 𓏏𓊵- Offering, 𓏙 – Gives)

As you can see, the sedge 𓇓 symbol has many uses, and they mostly have to do with the word “king!” So if you see the 𓇓, in most cases you’re going to be dealing with something to do with the king 𓇓𓏏𓈖𓀲/pharaoh 𓉐𓉻!

Tags hieroglyph lessons, hieroglyphs, the met

Egyptian Artifacts

Reliefs in the Mastaba of Perneb

Post author By ancientegyptblog7
Post date November 19, 2022

This picture 𓏏𓅱𓏏 shows a closeup of one of the many beautiful 𓄤 reliefs that decorate the inside of Perneb’s 𓉐𓂋𓈖𓎟𓃀 mastaba 𓉐𓆖.

This relief shows two 𓏻 men carrying offerings 𓊵𓏏𓊪𓏏𓏔𓏦 of bread 𓏏𓏐 and fowl 𓅿. These reliefs are facing the False Door inside the tomb 𓇋𓐫𓊃𓉐, where family 𓅕𓉔𓅱𓏏𓀀𓁐𓏦 members would leave offerings 𓊵𓏏𓊪𓏏𓏔𓏦 as well. Drawing the people bringing offerings 𓊵𓏏𓊪𓏏𓏔𓏦 to Perneb 𓉐𓂋𓈖𓎟𓃀 towards the False Door was done on purpose! In the ancient Egyptian religion/culture, it was thought that the drawings on the walls of tombs 𓇋𓐫𓊃𓉐𓏪 could come to life. If people were drawn bringing food 𓇬𓀁𓅱𓏔𓏥 to the deceased 𓅓𓏏𓏱, then it was thought that the deceased 𓅓𓏏𓏱 would have enough sustenance for the afterlife 𓇼𓄿𓏏𓉐!

Perneb 𓉐𓂋𓈖𓎟𓃀 was a palace administrator during the 5th Dynasty, and he had his tomb 𓇋𓐫𓊃𓉐 built at Memphis 𓏠𓈖𓄤𓆑𓂋𓉴𓊖 (modern day Saqqara). This type of tomb 𓇋𓐫𓊃𓉐 is commonly referred to today as a mastaba, but in ancient Egyptian times they were referred to as a “House of Eternity 𓉐𓆖.” The word “mastaba” is Arabic for the word “bench,” and these tombs 𓇋𓐫𓊃𓉐𓏪 got their modern name 𓂋𓈖 due to their rectangular structure and flat roofs!

Tags artifact, mastaba, the met

Egyptian Artifacts Reading Hieroglyphs

Closeup of the Hatshepsut Stela

Post author By ancientegyptblog7
Post date November 11, 2022

Here’s a closeup of a part of the Hatshepsut 𓇳𓁦𓂓 Stela 𓎗𓅱𓆓𓉸 from the Vatican Museum in Rome! My Nonno took this picture on one of his trips to the museum. He knows how much I love this piece (it’s second only to the limestone statue of Hatshepsut 𓇳𓁦𓂓 at the MET).

Let’s read some hieroglyphs 𓊹𓌃𓏪!

In the hieroglyphs 𓊹𓌃𓏪, you can see the cartouches for the throne names (or prenomen) of both Hatshepsut and Thutmosis III. The prenomen was one of the five royal names of the pharaoh 𓉐𓉻.

𓇳𓁦𓂓 = Maatkare (Hatshepsut)
𓇳𓏠𓆣 = Menkhepra (Thutmosis III)

The hieroglyphs 𓊹𓌃𓏪 in between the two cartouches spell out 𓏙𓋹𓇳𓏇 which translates to “given life like Ra”

Tags artifact, hatshepsut, hieroglyph lessons, hieroglyphs, thutmosis iii, vatican museum

Egyptian Artifacts

Pharaoh Horemheb with the God Amun

Post author By ancientegyptblog7
Post date November 11, 2022

My Nonno took this picture!! This is a statue of the Pharaoh Horemheb 𓇋𓏠𓈖𓌺𓄿𓋔𓐝𓎱 with the god 𓊹 Amun 𓇋𓏠𓈖. Amun 𓇋𓏠𓈖 is pictured as larger than the pharaoh 𓉐𓉻. The gods 𓊹𓊹𓊹 were always depicted bigger to symbolize the fact that they were more important than the pharaoh 𓉐𓉻. The only being a pharaoh 𓉐𓉻 ever bowed to was a god, since the pharaohs themselves were gods 𓊹𓊹𓊹 on Earth.

Amun 𓇋𓏠𓈖 was the King of the Gods (kind of like Zeus). As early as the 11th Dynasty, Amun 𓇋𓏠𓈖 was the patron god 𓊹 of Thebes. At the start of the 18th Dynasty, the god 𓊹 Amun 𓇋𓏠𓈖 gained great national importance in the pantheon and this is illustrated with Amun’s fusion with the sun god Ra (Amun-Ra 𓇋𓏠𓈖𓏺𓇳).

Let’s read some hieroglyphs 𓊹𓌃𓏪!

On the left side of the statue, the hieroglyphs 𓊹𓌃𓏪 read: 𓄤𓊹 𓎟𓇿𓇿(𓇳𓂦𓆣𓏼𓇳𓍉𓈖)𓇋𓏠𓈖𓏺𓇳 𓌻𓇌𓏙𓋹 – this translates to: “The great god, lord of the two lands, Djeser Kheperu Re, beloved of Amun-Ra, given life.”

While on the right side, the hieroglyphs 𓊹𓌃𓏪 read: 𓅭𓇳 𓎟𓈍𓏥(𓇋𓏠𓈖𓌺𓄿𓋔𓐝𓎱) 𓇋𓏠𓈖𓏺𓇳 𓌻𓇌𓏙𓋹 -this translates to: “Son of Ra, lord of appearances, Horemheb, beloved of Amun-Ra, given life.”

Tags amun, artifact, gods and goddesses, hieroglyph lessons, hieroglyphs, horemheb

Egyptian Artifacts

Egyptian Obelisks in Rome

Rome 🇮🇹 was my Nonno’s favorite place, and when we visited Rome as a family, it became my favorite city. The combination of ancient and modern is something that Nonno and I absolutely loved.

While my sister (who is in the picture with me) was excited to visit Piazza Navona because of the book “Angels and Demons,” (which I totally recommend – it’s an incredible book), I was most excited to see the obelisk 𓉶! The obelisk 𓉶 was commissioned by Emperor Domitian. The hieroglyphs 𓊹𓌃𓏪 on the obelisk 𓉶 state that Emperor Domitian rebuilt the Temple of Isis at Philae.

Since we are on the topics of Egyptian Obelisks 𓉶𓏪 in Rome, here’s a picture of my sister and I in Piazza San Pietro (Saint Peter’s Square) in Rome 🇮🇹!

What’s different about this obelisk 𓉶 is that there’s no hieroglyphs 𓊹𓌃𓏪 on it – it’s completely blank! Of the 13 obelisks 𓉶𓏪 in Rome, eight of them are completely Egyptian, while the other five were procured by Romans after they conquered Egypt 𓆎𓅓𓏏𓊖.

The Vatican Obelisk was brought to Rome by Emperor Caligula. But the question is: why are some obelisks 𓉶𓏪 inscribed with hieroglyphs 𓊹𓌃𓏪 and some not? This question has baffled historians, but Egyptologist Bob Brier has come to the conclusion that the inclusion/non inclusion of hieroglyphs 𓊹𓌃𓏪 simply has to do with the Roman emperor’s attitude towards Egypt 𓆎𓅓𓏏𓊖. Some emperors had positive views of Egypt 𓆎𓅓𓏏𓊖(Domitian, Hadrian), while some Emperors had very negative views of Egypt 𓆎𓅓𓏏𓊖(Augustus, Caligula). For example, Augustus hated Egypt 𓆎𓅓𓏏𓊖 because he lost a lot of Roman men in battle there.

Fun fact: Rome has a total of 13 obelisks 𓉶𓏪! That is the most obelisks 𓉶𓏪 in any city outside of Egypt 𓆎𓅓𓏏𓊖!

Tags italy, obelisk, rome, vatican museum

Reading Hieroglyphs

Cartouche of the Pharaoh Khafre

Post author By ancientegyptblog7
Post date November 11, 2022

This is another picture my Nonno took! I’ve always thought this cast of Khafre’s 𓇳𓈍𓆑 cartouche was super interesting! As a kid I loved it because Khafre 𓇳𓈍𓆑 was one of the pharaohs 𓉐𓉻𓏥 who built a pyramid 𓍋𓅓𓂋𓉴 at Giza in the 4th Dynasty, and my Nonno would always point this piece out to us because of that. As I started studying hieroglyphs 𓊹𓌃𓏪 though, this piece became even more interesting to me!

The cartouche reads: 𓅭𓇳𓈍𓆑𓇳𓆥, which translates to Son of Ra, Khafre, King of Upper and Lower Egypt.

What’s interesting about this cartouche though is usually “Son of Ra𓅭𓇳” and “King of Upper and Lower Egypt 𓆥” appear as titles above the cartouche, instead of inside of it! I don’t know why it’s written like this, but I’ve always found it to be an interesting piece because of this!

Tags artifact, hieroglyph lessons, hieroglyphs, khafre, the met

Egyptian Artifacts

Ushabti of Pharaoh Seti I

Post author By ancientegyptblog7
Post date November 11, 2022

Pharaoh Seti I 𓇋𓏠𓈖𓌻𓇌𓁣𓈖 had over 700 ushabtis 𓅱𓈙𓃀𓏏𓏭𓀾𓏪! The typical number was around four hundred – 365 worker ushabtis 𓅱𓈙𓃀𓏏𓏭𓀾𓏪, and the rest were overseer ushabtis. Most of Seti I’s 𓇋𓏠𓈖𓌻𓇌𓁣𓈖 ushabtis 𓅱𓈙𓃀𓏏𓏭𓀾𓏪 were wood 𓆱𓏏𓏺- when Giovanni Belzoni discovered Seti I’s tomb 𓇋𓐫𓊃𓉐 in the Valley of the Kings in 1917, he used a lot of the wooden 𓆱𓏏𓏺 ushabtis 𓅱𓈙𓃀𓏏𓏭𓀾𓏪 as torches (this fact still haunts me – it was also one of my Nonno’s favorite stories to tell).

Besides the wooden 𓆱𓏏𓏺 ushabtis, Seti I 𓇋𓏠𓈖𓌻𓇌𓁣𓈖 had many faience ushabtis 𓅱𓈙𓃀𓏏𓏭𓀾𓏪. His faience ushabtis are such a beautiful blue color and are inscribed with hieroglyphs 𓊹𓌃𓏪. Seti I’s throne name, Maatmenra 𓇳𓁦𓏠, is clearly seen on the first line of hieroglyphs 𓊹𓌃𓏪!

Tags artifact, louvre, seti i, shabti, ushabti

Egyptian Artifacts

Bronze Statue of Maat

Post author By ancientegyptblog7
Post date November 11, 2022

Not only was Maat 𓐙𓌴𓂣𓏏𓁦 the goddess 𓊹𓏏 of truth, fact, law, order and justice, “maat” was also a concept and a way of life in ancient Egypt 𓆎𓅓𓏏𓊖. The noun “maat” is translated as “truth” so living by maat, meant living a pure and truthful life. Maat was also the balance and order in the whole universe.

Maat 𓐙𓌴𓂣𓏏𓁦 is usually shown as a woman with a feather on her head. Her most important role was in the judgement of the dead 𓅓𓏏𓏱. The god Anubis 𓇋𓈖𓊪𓅱𓁢 would weigh the heart 𓇋𓃀𓄣 of the deceased against Maat’s 𓐙𓌴𓂣𓏏𓁦 feather 𓆄 to see if they were worthy to enter the Underworld 𓇼𓄿𓏏𓉐 and meet Osiris 𓁹𓊨𓀭. If the deceased’s heart 𓇋𓃀𓄣 was balanced with the feather 𓆄, they were declared “true of voice” 𓐙𓊤, and could meet Osiris 𓁹𓊨𓀭.

This statue is at the Petrie Museum at UCL in London!

Tags artifact, gods and goddesses, maat, petrie museum

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