Author: ancientegyptblog7

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Egyptian Artifacts

Small Animal Statues

I love this display at the MET because not only do I love tiny things, but these small π“ˆ–π“†“π“‹΄π“…© animal statues 𓏏𓅱𓏏𓀾π“ͺ have a lot of significance!

Small Animal Statues on display at the MET! In the front is the jasper hippo, then the amethyst monkey holding its baby, and behind that is the three jerboas.

Let’s first talk about the red π“‚§π“ˆ™π“‚‹π“…Ÿ jasper hippo π“Œ‰π“π“ƒ―! Instead of the usual standing position, this hippo π“Œ‰π“π“ƒ― is laying down and might have been used as an amulet π“Šπ“Šͺπ“…† because there is actually a hole going through it! In Egypt π“†Žπ“…“π“π“Š–, hippos π“Œ‰π“π“ƒ―π“¦ were both feared and respected π“ˆ™π“†‘π“„… because they were one of the most dangerous animals in the Nile Valley 𓇗. However, hippos π“Œ‰π“π“ƒ―π“¦ were also thought to be powerful protectors π“…“π“‚π“Ž‘π“€œ against evil π“ƒ€π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“π“…¨, which is what this amulet π“Šπ“Šͺπ“…† would have done for the wearer! This piece is dated to the New Kingdom. 

The amethyst figure behind the hippo π“Œ‰π“π“ƒ― is of a monkey π“ŽΌπ“„Ώπ“†‘π“„› holding its baby! This piece is dated to the Middle Kingdom but it is very similar in style to some Old Kingdom pieces that are also at the MET! Monkeys π“ŽΌπ“„Ώπ“†‘π“„›π“ͺ are not native to Egypt π“†Žπ“…“π“π“Š– and were actually pets for the very wealthy. This figure also has a loophole in it and would have been used as an amulet π“Šπ“Šͺπ“…†. Usually the image 𓏏𓅱𓏏 of a mother and child is associated with fertility and rebirth. 

The three little figures behind the amethyst monkey π“ŽΌπ“„Ώπ“†‘π“„› are little desert rodents called β€œjerboa π“Ž›π“Ώπ“‹΄π“„›. I thought they were mice π“Šͺπ“ˆ–π“Œπ“„› at first and had to look up jerboa in both English and hieroglyphs π“ŠΉπ“Œƒπ“ͺ – I love learning new things! The symbolic meaning of these Middle Kingdom statues 𓏏𓅱𓏏𓀾π“ͺ are unknown, but they were buried with someone! The jerboa π“Ž›π“Ώπ“‹΄π“„› is a small desert rodent and these animals first show up as statues 𓏏𓅱𓏏𓀾π“ͺ during this time period; none have been found dated to the Old Kingdom! 

Small Animal Statues
Small Animal Statues on display at the MET

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Reading Hieroglyphs

Uncommon Variant of Anubis

Let’s read some hieroglyphs π“ŠΉπ“Œƒπ“ͺ! Today π“‡π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“‡³, at an uncommon variant of Anubis 𓇋𓋔π“Šͺπ“…±π“€­! As you may know, Anubis π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“Šͺ𓅱𓃣 is my favorite word to spot (no matter the variant) in inscriptions!

This particular β€˜spelling’ of Anubis’ name π“‚‹π“ˆ– is a not-as- common variant of the common way to write his name which is β€œπ“‡‹π“ˆ–π“Šͺ𓅱𓃣.” However, even though some of the symbols are different, his name π“‚‹π“ˆ– would still be pronounced the same! The proper way to say Anubis in Middle/New/Late Egyptian is β€œΔ±Ν—npw” (pronounced like β€œInpu” or β€œAnpu”).

Anubis 𓇋𓋔π“Šͺπ“…±π“€­ is my favorite Egyptian god π“ŠΉ, so I love spotting the different variants of his name π“‚‹π“ˆ–! His name turns up a lot because Anubis 𓇋𓋔π“Šͺπ“…±π“€­ is one of the main funerary gods π“ŠΉπ“ŠΉπ“ŠΉ, and a large part of Egyptian artifacts that are in museums happen to be funerary objects π“ˆŽπ“‚‹π“‹΄π“π“π“Š­! 

Uncommon Variant of Anubis
Can you spot the uncommon variant of Anubis “𓇋𓋔π“Šͺπ“…±π“€­” in the inscription above?

Let’s take a closer look at the symbols! 

The β€œreed 𓇋” is a uniliteral phonogram for β€œΔ±Ν—,” however it can also function as an ideogram for the word β€œreed 𓇋𓏺.” 

The β€œred crown 𓋔” is also a uniliteral phonogram. The β€œπ“‹”β€ is associated with the sound of β€œn,” just like the β€œripple of water π“ˆ–.” This symbol can also act as a determinative for β€œred crown.” 

The β€œstool π“Šͺ” symbol is a uniliteral phonogram for the sound β€œp.” 

The β€œQuail Chick 𓅱” is one of the hieroglyphs that appears the most in inscriptions! It is a uniliteral phonogram that is representative of the sound w/u, and it is also an ideogram for the word β€œchick 𓅱𓏺.”

The β€œseated god 𓀭” is a determinative symbol and isn’t pronounced! It acts as β€œpunctuation” at the end of the name of a male god! 

The name π“‚‹π“ˆ– β€œAnubis” is actually the Greek version of his name, not the Middle Egyptian name π“‚‹π“ˆ–, so that is why the hieroglyphs π“ŠΉπ“Œƒπ“ͺ don’t match up with how we are so used to saying Anubis/Inpu/Anpu’s name π“‚‹π“ˆ–! 

Here are some common variants of Anubis’ name: 

𓇋𓋔π“Šͺπ“…±π“€­ (the one pictured)

π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“Šͺ𓃣

π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“Šͺ𓅱𓃣 

π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“Šͺ𓅱𓁒 

π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“Šͺ

π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“Šͺπ“…±

Which variant do you prefer? My favorite is π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“Šͺ𓅱𓃣! 

This is my personal photograph and original text. DO NOT repost. 

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Reading Hieroglyphs

The Owl Hieroglyph

Let’s read some hieroglyphs π“ŠΉπ“Œƒπ“ͺ! 

Today π“‡π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“‡³ we are going to look at one of the most common and recognizable uniliteral phonogram hieroglyphic symbols: the owl π“…“! The owl hieroglyph is very unique because it is viewed head-on instead of in a profile view!Β 

Owl Hieroglyph
The Owl Hieroglyph from a Middle Kingdom coffin at the MET

I personally love the β€œowl 𓅓” hieroglyph because it reminds me of Hedwig from Harry Potter! I’ve been a huge Harry Potter fan since 2001 and whenever I see an owl it reminds me of my favorite books – especially when the hieroglyph is painted to look like a snowy owl! In ancient Egypt π“†Žπ“…“π“π“Š–, owls were seen as protective/guardian figures, which is exactly what Hedwig was to Harry! I love it when ancient Egyptian mythological themes persist through time! 

A uniliteral sign is a hieroglyphic symbol that corresponds to a single sound, just like a letter in the alphabet. The β€œowl 𓅓” symbol represents the sound of β€œm” and it has many different uses!  

The β€œowl 𓅓” symbol is one that appears in inscriptions all the time and is most commonly seen as part of other words! Some words that use the β€œowl 𓅓” symbol are: 

π“…“π“‚‹ – Overseer

π“†Žπ“…“π“π“Š– – Kemet (Egypt)

𓅓𓍑𓏏𓏛 – Papyrus Roll

π“‡π“…“π“Š΅π“π“Šͺ – Imhotep 

Of course these are not all the words that contain the β€œowl 𓅓” symbol! 

But what happens if the β€œowl 𓅓” symbol appears by itself in an inscription and isn’t part of another word? The β€œowl 𓅓” symbol has its own meaning when it appears alone! I guess you can say it functions as the all-around preposition! For example, the β€œowl 𓅓” hieroglyph can mean: In, On, At, By, With, and As! This symbol has so many meanings/uses! 

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Egyptian Artifacts Reading Hieroglyphs

Cleopatra’s Needle (Part 2)

Let’s read some hieroglyphs π“ŠΉπ“Œƒπ“ͺ! This is my second post on Cleopatra’s Needle and here is a link to the first!

This obelisk 𓉢 was commissioned to be built by Thutmosis III 𓇳𓏠𓆣 during his 18th Dynasty reign to highlight his military victories. On the obelisk 𓉢, not only can you see Thutmosis III’s 𓇳𓏠𓆣 throne name cartouche, but you can also see both the throne name and birth name of the 19th Dynasty pharaoh 𓉐𓉻 Rameses II! Rameses II usurped this monument, as he did with the monuments of many past pharaohs! He not only put his cartouches, but at the top of the obelisk 𓉢 his Horus Name also appears in the serekh! 

Cleopatra's Needle
A closeup image of the hieroglyphs on Cleopatra’s Needle in Central Park!

The name π“‚‹π“ˆ– Menkhepperra 𓇳𓏠𓆣 is Thutmosis III’s throne name and it appears multiple times on the obelisk. The name π“‚‹π“ˆ– translates to β€œLasting is the Manifestation of Ra.”

𓇳 – Ra

𓏠 – Lasting

𓆣 – Manifestation

The name π“‚‹π“ˆ– β€œRamessu Mery Amun π“©π“›π“ˆ˜π“„Ÿπ“‹΄π“‡“β€ is Rameses II’s birth name. The name π“‚‹π“ˆ– translates to β€œRa has fashioned him, beloved of Amun,” but could also be translated as β€œRa Bore Him, Beloved of Amun.”

𓁩 – Amun

𓁛 – Ra

π“ˆ˜ – Beloved

π“„Ÿπ“‹΄π“‡“ – Bore Him/Fashioned Him/Born Of

The name π“‚‹π“ˆ– β€œUsermaatre setep en Ra π“‡³π“„Šπ“§π“‡³π“‰π“ˆ–β€ is Rameses II’s throne name and translates to β€œThe Justice of Ra is powerful, Chosen of Ra.”

𓇳 – Ra

π“„Š – Powerful

𓁧 – Justice (Maat)

𓇳 – Ra

π“‰π“ˆ– – Chosen

Can you spot the three different cartouches in my picture 𓏏𓅱𓏏? I will probably be doing another post on the inscriptions and their meaning so look out for that post too!

This is my personal photograph and original text. DO NOT repost. 

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Egyptian Artifacts

Cleopatra’s Needle (Part 1)

β€œCleopatra’s Needle” aka the Obelisk 𓉢 in Central Park is one of the most beautiful 𓄀𓆑𓂋 sights in Manhattan!

Cleopatra's Needle
Cleopatra’s Needle in Central Park

This obelisk 𓉢 (and another, which now resides in London) was not commissioned by Cleopatra VII π“ˆŽπ“ƒ­π“‡‹π“―π“Šͺ𓄿𓂧𓂋𓏏𓄿𓆇; in fact, it was commissioned by Thutmosis III 𓇳𓏠𓆣 during his 18th Dynasty reign. The obelisks 𓉢 stood at the city of Heliopolis at one of Thutmosis III’s 𓇳𓏠𓆣 temples. The obelisk 𓉢 is made out of β€œAswan π“‹΄π“ƒΉπ“ˆ–π“Œπ“²π“Š– granite π“…“π“Œ³π“π“ŽΆβ€ which was the third most used rock π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“‚‹π“ˆ™ by the ancient Egyptians!

Cleopatra's Needle
Me with Cleopatra’s Needle in Central Park

When the obelisks were discovered by the Romans, they were moved from Heliopolis to Alexandria and placed at a temple π“‰Ÿπ“π“‰ dedicated to Julius Caesar. The temple π“‰Ÿπ“π“‰ was commissioned by Cleopatra VII π“ˆŽπ“ƒ­π“‡‹π“―π“Šͺ𓄿𓂧𓂋𓏏𓄿𓆇, which is probably why the obelisks have the nickname β€œCleopatra’s Needle.” 

Cleopatra's Needle
A closeup of me and Cleopatra’s Needle in Central Park!

The two obelisks were given by the Egyptian government as gifts; one is in London, and one is in Central Park in NYC! The obelisk is super close to the MET, so it’s great to go and see before or after your museum trip! 

Cleopatra's Needle
William the Hippo with the obelisk!

I’m going to do another post about the hieroglyphs π“ŠΉπ“Œƒπ“ͺ on the obelisk 𓉢, so here is the link to that post!

This is my personal photograph and original text. DO NOT repost. 

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Blog

Trilobites – Fossil Friday!

Trilobites have been my favorite fossils for as long as I can remember and they are probably my favorite because they look like scarabs 𓐍π“Šͺ𓂋𓂋𓆣π“ͺ! Everything always comes back to ancient Egypt π“†Žπ“…“π“π“Š– for me! While trilobites and the dung beetle (the real animal that scarabs 𓆣𓆣𓆣 were inspired by) look similar to each other, they do not have many similarities besides that – they were never even on Earth at the same time! 

Trilobites
A plate of trilobites at the AMNH!

Trilobites first evolved during the Cambrian Period around 521 million years ago (mya) . They are classified as an arthropod which means that they have an exoskeleton, and that exoskeleton is what allowed them to fossilize so well. Trilobites lived at the bottom of seas and crawled around scavenging for food! There are over 20,000 different species of trilobites that have been discovered, and they were a very abundant species until they went extinct around 252 mya at the end of the Permian Period – right before the evolution of the dinosaurs. 

William the Hippo with the trilobites at the AMNH.

While trilobites have no religious significance in ancient Egypt π“†Žπ“…“π“π“Š–, the scarab 𓆣 does! The scarab 𓐍π“Šͺ𓂋𓂋𓆣 is the personification is the god π“ŠΉ Khepri 𓆣𓂋𓇋𓁛. Khepri 𓆣𓂋𓇋𓁛 was considered to be the god π“ŠΉ of the morning/rising sun 𓇳𓏺, and was usually depicted as a scarab 𓐍π“Šͺ𓂋𓂋𓆣, or as a human body with a scarab 𓆣 for a head 𓁢𓏺!

The god π“ŠΉ Khepri 𓆣𓂋𓇋𓁛 symbolizes the β€œlife cycle” – birth π“„Ÿ, death 𓅓𓏏𓏱, and then rebirth π“„Ÿπ“Ώπ“…± in the afterlife 𓇼𓄿𓏏𓉐. This cycle was essential to Egyptian religious beliefs, as Egyptians π“†Žπ“π“€€π“π“ͺ spent their lives preparing for death 𓅓𓏏𓏱 and entering the Duat 𓇼𓄿𓏏𓉐.

The trilobite display at the AMNH.

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Egyptian Artifacts

Statues of Imhotep

When it comes to ancient Egypt π“†Žπ“…“π“π“Š–, I’m obsessed with a couple of different things in particular: Hatshepsut π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“ŽΉπ“π“„‚π“π“€Όπ“ͺ, Ushabtis π“…±π“ˆ™π“ƒ€π“π“­π“€Ύ, Anubis π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“Šͺ𓅱𓃣, and Imhotep π“‡π“…“π“Š΅π“π“Šͺ! I love going to see the statues of Imhotep at the museum and my Nonno always made it into a game – #IFoundImhotepΒ 

Statues of Imhotep
Me (and William) with the Statues of Imhotep on display at the MET

Imhotep π“‡π“…“π“Š΅π“π“Šͺ was a real man that lived during Egypt’s π“†Žπ“…“π“π“Š– third dynasty (around 2700 B.C.E.) during the reign π“‹Ύπ“ˆŽπ“ of the pharaoh 𓉐𓉻 Djoser 𓂦𓂋. While Imhotep π“‡π“…“π“Š΅π“π“Šͺ is best known for being the architect of Djoser’s Step Pyramid (and Egypt’s first ever pyramid 𓍋𓅓𓂋𓉴), he was also a high priest π“ŠΉπ“› of Ra 𓇳𓏺𓁛! After his death, Imhotep π“‡π“…“π“Š΅π“π“Šͺ became one of the few non-royal Egyptians to be deified.Β 

Statues of Imhotep
The Statues of Imhotep showing the quartzite one on the left and the bronze one on the right. The middle statue is a seated scribe and is not Imhotep.

There is not much that is known about Imhotep π“‡π“…“π“Š΅π“π“Šͺ as a person while he was alive; most of what we know about Imhotep was written at the earliest 1,200 years after his death! Referred to as β€œSebayt π“‹΄π“ƒ€π“‡Όπ“„Ώπ“‡Œπ“π“›β€ in Middle Egyptian, these β€œinstructions” or β€œteachings” refer to Imhotep π“‡π“…“π“Š΅π“π“Šͺ as a great physician and a writer! One text from the 20th Dynasty called β€œEulogy of Dead Writers” even states β€œIs there another like Imhotep?” 

Statues of Imhotep
The bronze Imhotep statue. Most statues of Imhotep look like this one!

Most statues of Imhotep π“‡π“…“π“Š΅π“π“Šͺ are made of bronze π“ˆ”π“€π“ˆ’π“¦ (like you can see on the right side of this display) and are dated to the Ptolemaic Period, because that was when Imhotep π“‡π“…“π“Š΅π“π“Šͺ was widely worshipped.Β 

The quartzite statue of Imhotep. It is not common to see Imhotep in stone, so this piece is a treat to see on display at the MET.

The statue of Imhotep π“‡π“…“π“Š΅π“π“Šͺ on the left is so interesting because it is not made of bronze π“ˆ”π“€π“ˆ’π“¦ – it is made of the metamorphic rock quartzite!Β 

This is my personal photograph and original text. DO NOT repost. 

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Blog

The End

If you don’t know, I am a middle and high school science teacher and I have been working at my current school for ten π“Ž† years now. Earlier this month was my last day at my school – I mentioned a couple of posts ago that I am making some transitions/changes in my life π“‹Ή and this is one of them! I’m so grateful for the time I spent at my school and all of the wonderful students I got to teach over the past ten π“Ž† years.Β 

End
William and I with a geode at the American Museum of Natural History in NYC.

William and I are standing with a geode π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“‚‹π“ˆ™, which started forming approximately 135 million years ago! While the size of this geode π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“‚‹π“ˆ™ is awe-inspiring, when I was looking back on the pictures 𓏏𓅱𓏏𓏦, to me geode π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“‚‹π“ˆ™ looks like the Hubble Space Telescope images 𓏏𓅱𓏏𓏦 of space. 

Nut π“Œπ“π“‡―π“€­ was the Egyptian goddess π“ŠΉπ“ of the night π“ŽΌπ“‚‹π“Ž›π“„› sky π“Šͺ𓏏𓇯 and the cosmos. Since my brain relates everything to ancient Egypt π“†Žπ“…“π“π“Š–, this reminded me of her and ancient Egyptian mythology surrounding Nut π“Œπ“π“‡―π“€­ and the cosmos. 

In Middle Egyptian, the words for β€œnight π“ŽΌπ“‚‹π“Ž›π“„›β€ and β€œend π“ŽΌπ“‚‹π“Ž›π“‚π“›β€ are very similar words which I find very fitting for today π“‡π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“‡³. The night π“ŽΌπ“‚‹π“Ž›π“„› is the end π“ŽΌπ“‚‹π“Ž›π“‚π“› of the day and the end π“ŽΌπ“‚‹π“Ž›π“‚π“› of Ra’s 𓇳𓏺𓁛 journey across the daytime sky π“Šͺ𓏏𓇯, but it is also the start of his 12 hour journey into the Duat 𓇼𓄿𓏏𓉐. I’ve always loved the words in the Book of the Dead 𓉐𓂋𓏏𓂻𓅓𓉔𓂋𓏲𓇳𓏺𓍼𓏺 and the Amduat 𓇋𓏢𓅓𓏭𓇼𓄿𓏏𓉐 so I don’t see this change as an end π“ŽΌπ“‚‹π“Ž›π“‚π“› right now…

…I will end this with a quote from one of my favorite Taylor Swift songs which is so fitting for me today; β€œIt was the end of a decade, but the start of an age.” 

This is my personal photograph and original text. DO NOT repost. 

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Blog

Turtle Fossil

While ancient Egypt π“†Žπ“…“π“π“Š– is my first love, geology is my second! β€œGeology” in a very broad term that means the study of the Earth’s structure, makeup and history! Geology isn’t just the study of rocks π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“‚‹π“ˆ™π“¦ (that is petrology) but paleontology (the study of past life on Earth) falls into that category!Β I love when I am able to combine my love of geology with ancient Egypt! Read below

Turtle Fossil
William and I with the Turtle Fossil on display at the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH)

William and I are standing with an extinct land tortoise called a β€œMegalochelys atlas” (it used to be referred to as the β€œGeochelone atlas”) and I always lovingly refer to this fossil as the β€œSmiling Turtle” because it looks like it is very happy! This big guy lived during the late Pliocene Epoch which was about two million years ago and is the largest land tortoise to ever exist!

In ancient Egypt π“†Žπ“…“π“π“Š–, turtles π“ˆ™π“π“„Ώπ“†‰π“¦ were seen as an ambiguous force because they were creatures of both land 𓇾 and water π“ˆ—. Turtles π“ˆ™π“π“„Ώπ“†‰π“¦ were also seen as the enemy of Ra 𓇳𓏺𓁛, and in chapter 162 of the Book of the Dead, it is stated that β€œMay Ra live, and may the turtle die.” The turtles π“ˆ™π“π“„Ώπ“†‰π“¦ that lived in the Nile π“‡‹π“π“‚‹π“…±π“ˆ—π“ˆ˜π“ˆ‡π“Ί were mostly nocturnal (and definitely not as large as this one), which is probably why they were considered to be Ra’s 𓇳𓏺𓁛 enemy.Β 

Turtle Fossil
The very large Turtle Fossil on display at the American Museum of Natural History

This is my personal photograph and original text. DO NOT repost. 

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Egyptian Artifacts Reading Hieroglyphs

Mummy of Ukhotep

This is the coffin π“‹΄π“…±π“Ž›π“π“†± and mummy 𓇋𓁹𓅱𓀾 of a man named Ukhotep π“‹‚π“Š΅π“π“Šͺ. Ukhotep π“‹‚π“Š΅π“π“Šͺ lived during the 12th dynasty (Middle Kingdom) and he was the chief treasurer 𓋨𓅱, which is why he probably received such gorgeous π“„€ funerary equipment π“ˆŽπ“‚‹π“‹΄π“π“π“Š­.Β 

Mummy of Ukhotep
The Mummy of Ukhotep on display at the MET

Ukhotep π“‹‚π“Š΅π“π“Šͺ had a wooden coffin π“‹΄π“…±π“Ž›π“π“†± inscribed with parts of the Coffin Texts, which were spells π“Ž›π“‚“π“›π“¦ that the deceased needed in order to gain magical powers in the afterlife 𓇼𓄿𓏏𓉐. This coffin π“‹΄π“…±π“Ž›π“π“†± and mummy 𓇋𓁹𓅱𓀾 is very typical of the Middle Kingdom burials (not just because of the styles/materials used for both the coffin and mask) but because the mummy 𓇋𓁹𓅱𓀾 was placed on his side inside of the wooden coffin π“‹΄π“…±π“Ž›π“π“†±, which allowed him to see out of the coffin π“‹΄π“…±π“Ž›π“π“†± through the eyes on the side!Β My Nonno always told me about this fact when I was little, and I was always fascinated by this funerary practice!

Mummy of Ukhotep
The Mummy of Ukhotep with hieroglyphs on his coffin! Learn how to read the hieroglyphs below!

Let’s read some hieroglyphs π“ŠΉπ“Œƒπ“ͺ! Here is the inscription: π“‡“π“π“Š΅π“™π“Ήπ“Š¨π“ŽŸπ“ˆ–π“…˜π“Ž›π“Ž›π“‡³ π“…π“ˆ–π“π“‹π“ƒ€π“ˆ‹π“Š–π“‰»π“ŽŸπ“†„π“

Here is a breakdown of the inscription: 

π“‡“π“π“Š΅π“™ – An Offering the King Gives

π“Ήπ“Š¨ – Osiris (his name is missing the determinative this time – usually it’s written as π“Ήπ“Š¨π“€­)

π“ŽŸ – Lord 

π“ˆ–π“…˜π“Ž›π“Ž›π“‡³ – Eternity 

𓏅 – Foremost 

π“ˆ–π“ – of

π“‹π“ƒ€π“ˆ‹π“Š– – Abydos

π“ŠΉπ“€­ – God

𓉻 – Great

π“ŽŸ -Lord 

𓆄𓏏 – Maat

Fun Fact: β€œπ“ˆ–π“β€ is also another way to spell the name of the goddess Neith but it can also mean β€œof” and a bunch of other filler-type words!

The variant of β€œeternity π“ˆ–π“…˜π“Ž›π“Ž›π“‡³β€ used in this inscription is very Middle Kingdom too – I rarely see this one used ever!! Usually the typical β€œπ“Ž›π“‡³π“Ž›β€ is used!Β 

Mummy of Ukhotep
The Mummy of Ukhotep with some of his other funerary equipment including his canopic jar case (near the head of the mummy)

This is my personal photograph and original text. DO NOT repost. 

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