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Cow, Beautiful Woman, or Both? – Video

Did you know that the word for โ€œcow ๐“„ค๐“†‘๐“‚‹๐“๐“ƒ’โ€ and โ€œbeautiful woman ๐“„ค๐“†‘๐“‚‹๐“๐“โ€ are the same in hieroglyphs ๐“Šน๐“Œƒ๐“ช/the Middle Egyptian language? Well now you do! This is one of my absolute favorite โ€œfun factsโ€ about hieroglyphs ๐“Šน๐“Œƒ๐“ช and it has been since I was a little girl!

Cow and Beautiful Woman hieroglyphs video on YouTube!

The root of both of these words is โ€œ๐“„ค๐“†‘๐“‚‹โ€ which would probably be pronounced like โ€œnefer.โ€ This word could mean perfect, beautiful, or good in Middle Egyptian! Adding the โ€œ๐“โ€ to the end of the word makes it feminine, and then the determinative symbol distinguishes the meaning! So โ€œ๐“„ค๐“†‘๐“‚‹๐“โ€ could also mean a beautiful woman or beautiful/perfect! 

Both โ€œcow ๐“„ค๐“†‘๐“‚‹๐“๐“ƒ’โ€ and โ€œbeautiful woman ๐“„ค๐“†‘๐“‚‹๐“๐“โ€ would have probably been pronounced like โ€œneferetโ€ due to the addition of the uniliteral phonogram of โ€œ๐“โ€ which would have been pronounced like a โ€œt.โ€ In order to make words pronounceable in modern times, a lot of Egyptologists/linguists will add a soft โ€œeโ€ sound in between the consonants!ย ย 

I love learning little things like this about the culture of ancient Egypt! It’s incredible what a language can tell us!

You can also watch the video on TikTok!

@ancientegyptblog

Did you know that the word for โ€œcow ๐“„ค๐“†‘๐“‚‹๐“๐“ƒ’โ€ and โ€œbeautiful woman ๐“„ค๐“†‘๐“‚‹๐“๐“โ€ are the same in hieroglyphs ๐“Šน๐“Œƒ๐“ช/the Middle Egyptian language? Well now you do! This is one of my absolute favorite โ€œfun factsโ€ about hieroglyphs ๐“Šน๐“Œƒ๐“ช and it has been since I was a little girl! The root of both of these words is โ€œ๐“„ค๐“†‘๐“‚‹โ€ which would probably be pronounced like โ€œnefer.โ€ This word could mean perfect, beautiful, or good in Middle Egyptian! Adding the โ€œ๐“โ€ to the end of the word makes it feminine, and then the determinative symbol distinguishes the meaning! So โ€œ๐“„ค๐“†‘๐“‚‹๐“โ€ could also mean a beautiful woman or beautiful/perfect! Both โ€œcow ๐“„ค๐“†‘๐“‚‹๐“๐“ƒ’โ€ and โ€œbeautiful woman ๐“„ค๐“†‘๐“‚‹๐“๐“โ€ would have probably been pronounced like โ€œneferetโ€ due to the addition of the uniliteral phonogram of โ€œ๐“โ€ which would have been pronounced like a โ€œt.โ€ In order to make words pronounceable in modern times, a lot of Egyptologists/linguists will add a soft โ€œeโ€ sound in between the consonants! This is my personal video and original text. DO NOT repost. #ancientegypt #egyptianhistory #egyptologist #letsreadsomehieroglyphs #hieroglyphs #hieroglyphics #languagelearning #egypt #hathor #metropolitanmuseumofart #historytok

โ™ฌ original sound – ancientegyptblog Nicole Lesar

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Video

Hieroglyphic Vocabulary – Week 2

Letโ€™s read some Hieroglyphs ๐“Šน๐“Œƒ๐“ช and learn some hieroglyphic vocabulary!

Here is Week 2 of my Hieroglyphic Word of the Day stories all compiled into a reel!

Here are the words we learned this week: 

  1. Eternity ๐“†–, ๐“Ž›๐“‡ณ๐“Ž›
  2. Scribe ๐“Ÿ๐“€€
  3. Given Life ๐“™๐“‹น
  4. Perfect God ๐“Šน๐“„ค
  5. Son ๐“…ญ, ๐“…ญ๐“€€
  6. Ushabti ๐“…ฑ๐“ˆ™๐“ƒ€๐“๐“ญ๐“€พ, ๐“†ท๐“„ฟ๐“ฏ๐“ƒ€๐“๐“ฎ๐“€พ
  7. Ptah ๐“Šช๐“๐“Ž›๐“ฑ, ๐“Šช๐“๐“Ž›, ๐“Šช๐“๐“Ž›๐“€ญ, ๐“Šช๐“๐“Ž›๐“ฐ

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Book Recommendations Video

Ancient Egypt Books at Barnes & Noble – Video

Come on a trip to Barnes & Noble with me (one of my favorite places) to look for Ancient Egypt books!

I always head to the ancient Egypt ๐“†Ž๐“…“๐“๐“Š– books section and the Star Wars section when I go book ๐“…“๐“‘๐“๐“› shopping!

I was so surprised to see the hieroglyphs book at Barnes & Noble because I have never seen it there before ๐“Šน๐“Œƒ๐“ช! That book is always my number one recommendation for people that want to learn to read hieroglyphs ๐“Šน๐“Œƒ๐“ช! I also went to my other favorite section – the Star Wars section! I love reading Star Wars books and I am a huge fan!

You can also watch the video on TikTok!

@ancientegyptblog

Stay until the end to see what I got! Come on a trip to Barnes and Noble with me aka one of my favorite places! I always head to the ancient Egypt section and the Star Wars section when I go book shopping! Who doesnt love going to the bookstore? Whatโ€™s your favorite section? @Barnes & Noble This is my personal video and original text. DO NOT repost. #booktok #bookish #bookrecommendations #bookhaul #starwars #starwarsbooks #starwarsrebels #ancientEgypt #egyptology #egyptologist #anticoegitto #egyptianhistory #egyptianmythology

โ™ฌ original sound – ancientegyptblog Nicole Lesar

This is my personal video and original text. DO NOT repost.

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Video

Mummy Case of Nespanetjerenpere – Video

There are so many beautiful ๐“„ค images ๐“…ฑ๐“๐“…ฑ๐“ช of the gods ๐“Šน๐“Šน๐“Šน on this mummiform coffin ๐“…ฑ๐“‡‹๐“€พ! Who are some of the gods ๐“Šน๐“Šน๐“Šน and goddesses ๐“Šน๐“Šน๐“Šน๐“ you can see?! Let me know in the comments! 

This coffin is made of cartonnage, which is a material that is made when linen ๐“ฑ or papyrus ๐“ฏ๐“‡… mixed with plaster! This is from the Third Intermediate Period, and dates from the 22nd – 25th Dynasties. 

This mummy case ๐“…ฑ๐“‡‹๐“€พ belonged to a priest ๐“Šน๐“› named Nespanetjerenpere. While to many the images ๐“…ฑ๐“๐“…ฑ๐“ช may seem like random pictures of the gods ๐“Šน๐“Šน๐“Šน, it is actually a collection of carefully selected religious symbols meant to help guide Nespanetjerenpere on his journey to the afterlife ๐“‡ผ๐“„ฟ๐“๐“‰ and and ensure rebirth ๐“„Ÿ๐“ฟ๐“…ฑ. 

Watch my previous video for a better look at the front! 

This is my personal video and original text. DO NOT repost. 

@ancientegyptblog 

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Video

Large Granite Statue of Hatshepsut – Video

This large red granite ๐“…“๐“Œณ๐“๐“Žถ statue ๐“๐“…ฑ๐“๐“€พ of Hatshepsut ๐“‡‹๐“ ๐“ˆ–๐“Žน๐“๐“„‚๐“๐“€ผ๐“ช is large and majestic and one of the most beautiful ๐“„ค๐“†‘๐“‚‹!ย 

The most striking aspect of this statue ๐“๐“…ฑ๐“๐“€พ besides the size is the fact that Hatshepsutโ€™s ๐“‡‹๐“ ๐“ˆ–๐“Žน๐“๐“„‚๐“๐“€ผ๐“ช face, which displays feminine features, remained pretty much intact! Many of Hatshepsutโ€™s ๐“‡ณ๐“ฆ๐“‚“ statues ๐“๐“…ฑ๐“๐“€พ๐“ช have the faces destroyed, possibly in an attempt to destroy her image ๐“๐“…ฑ๐“ so she would be forgotten from history.

Hatshepsut ๐“‡‹๐“ ๐“ˆ–๐“Žน๐“๐“„‚๐“๐“€ผ๐“ช is in a kneeling position holding a nemset jar ๐“Œ๐“บ in each hand ๐“‚ง๐“๐“บ. In ancient Egypt ๐“†Ž๐“…“๐“๐“Š–, kneeling is considered a worshipping ๐“‡ผ๐“„ฟ๐“€ข/offering ๐“Šต๐“๐“Šช๐“๐“”๐“ฆ position. A pharaoh ๐“‰๐“‰ป only kneels to another god ๐“Šน, who in this case is probably Amun-Ra ๐“‡‹๐“ ๐“ˆ–๐“‡ณ๐“บ.

Hatshepsut ๐“‡‹๐“ ๐“ˆ–๐“Žน๐“๐“„‚๐“๐“€ผ๐“ช is depicted wearing the nemes ๐“ˆ–๐“…“๐“‹ด head cloth and the false beard which was typical fashion for a pharaoh ๐“‰๐“‰ป!

The hieroglyphs ๐“Šน๐“Œƒ๐“ช on the back of the statue ๐“๐“…ฑ๐“๐“€พ show her throne name, Maatkare ๐“‡ณ๐“ฆ๐“‚“. 

This is my personal video and original text. DO NOT repost.ย 

@ancientegyptblogย 

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Video

Mummy Case of Nespanetjerenpere – Video

Only here on ancientegyptblog will you hear someone say โ€œLook at how gorgeous this is ๐“„ค๐“†‘๐“‚‹๐“…ฑ๐“ญ๐“‡‘๐“‡‘โ€ about a coffin ๐“…ฑ๐“‡‹๐“€พ or other type of funerary object! Be sure to watch the video to see all of the details on the front of this wonderful coffin ๐“…ฑ๐“‡‹๐“€พ!

There are so many beautiful ๐“„ค images ๐“…ฑ๐“๐“…ฑ๐“ช of the gods ๐“Šน๐“Šน๐“Šน on this mummiform coffin ๐“…ฑ๐“‡‹๐“€พ! This coffin is made of cartonnage, which is a material that is made when linen ๐“ฑ or papyrus ๐“ฏ๐“‡… mixed with plaster! 

This is from the Third Intermediate Period, and dates from the 22nd – 25th Dynasties. 

This mummy case ๐“…ฑ๐“‡‹๐“€พ belonged to a priest ๐“Šน๐“› named Nespanetjerenpere. While to many the images ๐“…ฑ๐“๐“…ฑ๐“ช may seem like random pictures of the gods ๐“Šน๐“Šน๐“Šน, it is actually a collection of carefully selected religious symbols meant to help guide Nespanetjerenpere on his journey to the afterlife ๐“‡ผ๐“„ฟ๐“๐“‰ and and ensure rebirth ๐“„Ÿ๐“ฟ๐“…ฑ.ย 

Nespanetjerenpere
Mummy case of Nespanetjerenpere at the Brooklyn Museum

The ram headed pendant on his chest is meant to represent the sun ๐“‡ณ god ๐“Šน Raโ€™s ๐“‡ณ๐“บ๐“› journey across the sky ๐“Šช๐“๐“‡ฏ during the day ๐“‰”๐“‚‹๐“บ๐“‡ณ – and through the netherworld ๐“‡ผ๐“„ฟ๐“๐“‰ at night ๐“Žผ๐“‚‹๐“Ž›๐“„›. The images ๐“…ฑ๐“๐“…ฑ๐“ช of the gods ๐“Šน๐“Šน๐“Šน can almost be thought of as the picture-book version of the Book of the Dead ๐“‰๐“‚‹๐“๐“‚ป๐“…“๐“‰”๐“‚‹๐“ฒ๐“‡ณ๐“บ๐“ผ๐“บ. 

While the images ๐“…ฑ๐“๐“…ฑ๐“ช of the gods ๐“Šน๐“Šน๐“Šน are so delicately drawn, the hieroglyphs ๐“Šน๐“Œƒ๐“ช going down the middle of the coffin ๐“…ฑ๐“‡‹๐“€พ seem to be unfinished and roughly done.ย 

Nespanetjerenpere
Mummy case of Nespanetjerenpere showing the hieroglyphs and images of the gods.

The hieroglyphs ๐“Šน๐“Œƒ๐“ช show the very standard offering formula:

๐“‡“๐“๐“Šต๐“™ – An Offering the King Gives 

๐“Šฉ๐“น – Osiris

๐“… – Foremost 

๐“‹€๐“๐“๐“ˆŠ – West

The inscription reads: โ€œAn Offering the King Gives Osiris, Foremost of the West.โ€

This is my personal video and original text. DO NOT repost without permission.

@ancientegyptblogย 

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Video

Objects from Malqata – Video

This video shows a gallery at the Metropolitan Museum of Art which displays objects from Malqata!

In order to celebrate his Heb Sed Festival ๐“Ž›๐“ƒ€๐“‹ด๐“‚ง๐“๐“Žฑ๐“‡ณ๐“ช, the pharaoh ๐“‰๐“‰ป Amenhotep III ๐“‡ณ๐“ง๐“Ž  built a new palace ๐“‚๐“Ž›๐“๐“‰ฅ๐“‰ which was referred to as โ€œThe House of Rejoicingโ€ at present day Malqata in Egypt ๐“†Ž๐“…“๐“๐“Š–. The Heb Sed Festival ๐“Ž›๐“ƒ€๐“‹ด๐“‚ง๐“๐“Žฑ๐“‡ณ๐“ช, also known as the โ€œ30 Year Jubilee,โ€ was meant to celebrate the 30th year of a pharaohโ€™s ๐“‰๐“‰ป reign ๐“‹พ๐“ˆŽ๐“.ย 

In this display at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, there are many different amphoras ๐“ ๐“ˆ–๐“‡‹๐“‹๐“ช! Amphoras ๐“ ๐“ˆ–๐“‡‹๐“‹๐“ช are a special type of pottery ๐“ ๐“ˆ–๐“‡‹๐“‹ that have a pointed bottom and two ๐“ป handles that were used for the storage and transport of various things in the ancient world! 

Ancient Egyptian amphoras ๐“ ๐“ˆ–๐“‡‹๐“‹๐“ช, such as these one found at Malqata, were usually made of red ๐“‚ง๐“ˆ™๐“‚‹๐“…Ÿ clay ๐“Šช๐“ˆ–๐“‹ด๐“ˆ‡ and then covered with a cream colored coat. They were then painted ๐“ž๐“œ with blue ๐“‡‹๐“น๐“๐“„ฟ๐“ธ๐“ฅ, red ๐“‚ง๐“ˆ™๐“‚‹๐“…Ÿ, or black ๐“†Ž๐“…“ paint ๐“‡จ๐“‚‹๐“…ฑ๐“ญ๐“ธ๐“ฆ.

You can also see various wall paintings that once adorned the palace ๐“‚๐“Ž›๐“๐“‰ฅ๐“‰ walls at Malqata! I canโ€™t even imagine how beautiful ๐“„ค๐“†‘๐“‚‹ and colorful this palace ๐“‚๐“Ž›๐“๐“‰ฅ๐“‰ once was!ย I hope you enjoyed seeing these objects from Malqata!

This is my personal video and original text. DO NOT repost. 

@ancientegyptblogย 

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Video

Wooden Ushabti of Rameses II – Video

Wooden ๐“†ฑ๐“๐“บ Ushabti ๐“†ท๐“„ฟ๐“ฏ๐“ƒ€๐“๐“ฎ๐“€พ of Rameses II ๐“‡ณ๐“„Š๐“ง๐“‡ณ๐“‰๐“ˆ– (New Kingdom, 19th Dynasty, c. 1292-1190 B.C.E.).ย 

The text ๐“Ÿ๐“›๐“ฅ on the ushabti ๐“†ท๐“„ฟ๐“ฏ๐“ƒ€๐“๐“ฎ๐“€พ is a version of the โ€œShabti Spellโ€ from Chapter 6 of the Book of the Dead. This spell gives the ushabti ๐“†ท๐“„ฟ๐“ฏ๐“ƒ€๐“๐“ฎ๐“€พ the power to complete tasks (farming, manual labor, etc) for the deceased ๐“…“๐“๐“ฑ in the Field of Reeds ๐“‡๐“๐“ˆ…๐“‡‹๐“„ฟ๐“‚‹๐“…ฑ๐“†ฐ๐“Š–. 

Wooden Ushabti of Rameses II
Me with the Wooden Ushabti of Rameses II at the Brooklyn Museum

This ushabti ๐“†ท๐“„ฟ๐“ฏ๐“ƒ€๐“๐“ฎ๐“€พ is mummiform meaning that it looks like a mummy/the god ๐“Šน Osiris ๐“น๐“Šจ๐“€ญ! The ushabti ๐“†ท๐“„ฟ๐“ฏ๐“ƒ€๐“๐“ฎ๐“€พ is holding a holding the crook ๐“‹พ and flail ๐“Œ… and is wearing the  nemes head cloth ๐“ˆ–๐“…“๐“‹ด. 

Rameses IIโ€™s ๐“‡ณ๐“„Š๐“ง๐“‡ณ๐“‰๐“ˆ– tomb ๐“‡‹๐“ซ๐“Šƒ๐“‰ was plundered in the 20th Dynasty, and only three ๐“ผ of his wooden ๐“†ฑ๐“๐“บ ushabti ๐“†ท๐“„ฟ๐“ฏ๐“ƒ€๐“๐“ฎ๐“€พ figures remain! 

In 1049 B.C.E., the High Priest of Amun ordered Rameses IIโ€™s ๐“‡ณ๐“„Š๐“ง๐“‡ณ๐“‰๐“ˆ– mummy ๐“‡‹๐“น๐“…ฑ๐“€พ be moved from his original tomb ๐“‡‹๐“ซ๐“Šƒ๐“‰ and to the Royal Cache, a place where many royal ๐“‹พ mummies ๐“‡‹๐“น๐“…ฑ๐“€พ๐“ช were re-buried in order to protect the mummies ๐“‡‹๐“น๐“…ฑ๐“€พ๐“ช from tomb robbers. 

While the provenance of this ushabti ๐“†ท๐“„ฟ๐“ฏ๐“ƒ€๐“๐“ฎ๐“€พ is unknown, it is assumed that it was originally from Rameses IIโ€™s ๐“‡ณ๐“„Š๐“ง๐“‡ณ๐“‰๐“ˆ– original tomb ๐“‡‹๐“ซ๐“Šƒ๐“‰ (KV 7).ย 

Wooden Ushabti of Rameses II
Wooden Ushabti of Rameses II on display at the Brooklyn Museum

This is my personal video and original text. DO NOT repost. 

@ancientegyptblog

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Video

Wooden Models of Meketre – Video

This video shows the Wooden Models of Meketre!

These wooden ๐“†ฑ๐“๐“บ models were found in the tomb ๐“‡‹๐“ซ๐“Šƒ๐“‰ of the Royal Chief Steward Meketre who lived during the reign ๐“‹พ of Montuhotep II ๐“ ๐“ˆ–๐“ฟ๐“…ฑ๐“Šต๐“๐“Šช and possibly Amenemhat I ๐“‡‹๐“ ๐“ˆ–๐“…“๐“„‚๐“ which was during the Middle Kingdom. Meketreโ€™s high status as an official ๐“‹ด๐“‚‹๐“€€ is why he was able to afford so many wooden ๐“†ฑ๐“๐“บ models and such an elaborate burial.ย 

The first wooden ๐“†ฑ๐“๐“บ model is of a โ€œPorch and Garden ๐“Ž›๐“Šƒ๐“Šช๐“ˆˆโ€ that has a pool ๐“ˆ™๐“ˆ‡ in the center that could have been potentially filled with water ๐“ˆ—!ย 

Wooden Models of Meketre
Porch and Garden Model from the tomb of Meketre

The second wooden ๐“†ฑ๐“๐“บ model is of a bakeryย  ๐“‚๐“…“๐“‚‹๐“‰ and brewery ๐“‚๐“๐“‰๐“Ž›๐“ˆŽ๐“๐“Š๐“ช.ย 

Wooden Models of Meketre
Model of a bakery and brewery from the tomb of Meketre

The third wooden ๐“†ฑ๐“๐“บ model is of a granary ๐“Šš๐“๐“‰.

Wooden Models of Meketre
Model of a granary from the tomb of Meketre

The fourth wooden ๐“†ฑ๐“๐“บ model is of a slaughterhouse. Cows ๐“„ค๐“†‘๐“‚‹๐“๐“ƒ’๐“ฆ and geese ๐“Šƒ๐“‚‹๐“…ฌ๐“ฆ are being slaughtered by butchers, and dried out meat ๐“‡‹๐“…ฑ๐“†‘๐“„น can be seen hanging above them.ย 

Wooden Models of Meketre
Model of a slaughterhouse from the tomb of Meketre

The fifth wooden ๐“†ฑ๐“๐“บ model is of a โ€œModel Cattle Stableโ€ in which workers are feeding cattle ๐“„ค๐“†‘๐“‚‹๐“๐“ƒ’๐“ฆ in order to fatten them for slaughter.

Wooden Models of Meketre
Model of a cattle stable from the tomb of Meketre

There were 24 ๐“Ž†๐“Ž†๐“ฝ almost perfectly preserved models found in the tomb ๐“‡‹๐“ซ๐“Šƒ๐“‰ of Meketre. Half of the models are at the MET, while the other half are at the Egyptian Museum in Cairo!

This is my personal video and original text. DO NOT repost. 

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Video

Wooden Statue of Anubis (Video)

This wooden ๐“†ฑ๐“๐“บ statue ๐“๐“…ฑ๐“๐“€พ of Anubis ๐“‡‹๐“ˆ–๐“Šช๐“…ฑ๐“ƒฃ at the Brooklyn Museum is one of my favorites!

This statue ๐“๐“…ฑ๐“๐“€พ shows Anubis ๐“‡‹๐“ˆ–๐“Šช๐“…ฑ๐“ƒฃ in his jackal ๐“Šƒ๐“„ฟ๐“ƒ€๐“ƒฅ form. The recumbent position is representative of him guarding the necropolis ๐“‹ด๐“ˆ–๐“Šผ from high above on a hill ๐“ˆŽ๐“„ฟ๐“„ฟ๐“ŠŽ or mountain ๐“ˆ‹๐“…ณ- as was his role as the god ๐“Šน of cemeteries and mummification ๐“‹ด๐“‚ง๐“๐“…ฑ๐“Ž.

Another one of Anubisโ€™ ๐“‡‹๐“ˆ–๐“Šช๐“…ฑ๐“ƒฃ titles is โ€œupon his hill/mountain ๐“ถ๐“บ๐“ˆ‹๐“†‘โ€ and this hieroglyphic ๐“Šน๐“Œƒ๐“ช phrase usually follows his name ๐“‚‹๐“ˆ– in dedication texts! Again, this is representative of Anubisโ€™ ๐“‡‹๐“ˆ–๐“Šช๐“…ฑ๐“ƒฃ role as protector ๐“…“๐“‚๐“Žก๐“€œ of the dead ๐“…“๐“๐“ฑ; he was always standing watch from above! 

This piece is dated to the Late Period or Ptolemaic Period (c. 664-30 B.C.E.), which is when wooden ๐“†ฑ๐“๐“บ statues ๐“๐“…ฑ๐“๐“€พ๐“ช of Anubis ๐“‡‹๐“ˆ–๐“Šช๐“…ฑ๐“ƒฃ in this style became extremely popular!

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