Letβs take a look at the coffin π΄π ±πππ± of a man named ππ Wah, who lived during the early reign πΎ of the pharaoh ππ» Amenemhat I ππ ππ ππ(12th Dynasty/Middle Kingdom).
In the first picture ππ ±π you can see a dedication to Osiris πΉπ¨π in hieroglyphs πΉππͺ, which is better known as the βOffering Formula.β If you want to learn one πΊ phrase in hieroglyphs πΉππͺ, learn this one!!! It is everywhere!!Β
Here is the full inscription πππ₯: πππ΅ππΉπ¨ππ½π§π ±π. Letβs break down the offering formula because we havenβt done so in a while. Letβs read some hieroglyphs πΉππͺ!
πππ΅π – An Offering the King Gives
πΉπ¨π – Osiris (his name is missing the determinative this time – usually itβs written as πΉπ¨π)
π – Lord
π½π§π – Djedu (usually written as π½π§π ±π)
So all together ππ, this inscription πππ₯ reads: βAn Offering the King gives Osiris, Lord of Djedu.β Djedu π½π§π ±π refers to the birthplace of Osiris πΉπ¨π.
The eyes πΉππ¦ on this side of the coffin π΄π ±πππ± would allow the mummy ππΉπ ±πΎ to see outside of it! Inside the coffin π΄π ±πππ±, the mummy ππΉπ ±πΎ would usually be laid on his side so his eyes πΉππ¦ matched up with the eyes on the coffin π΄π ±πππ±! This was very typical of Middle Kingdom burial practices πππ΄πππ, and it was something my Nonno would always point out to me when we were in a museum!
As a kidΒ πππΒ (and even now as an adult) I found this practice absolutely fascinating! Now every time I am in a museum, I tell the story to someone about the eyes ππΉπ ±πΎ of the mummy ππΉπ ±πΎ, just like my Nonno told me!