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Egyptian Artifacts

Ushabti and Miniature Coffin

Today ๐“‡๐“‡‹๐“ˆ–๐“‡ณ, we are going to take a look at this unique ushabti ๐“…ฑ๐“ˆ™๐“ƒ€๐“๐“ญ๐“€พ that was discovered in the mortuary temple ๐“‰Ÿ๐“๐“‰ of the pyramid ๐“‹๐“…“๐“‚‹๐“‰ด of the pharaoh ๐“‰๐“‰ป Senwosret I ๐“„Š๐“‹ด๐“‚‹๐“๐“Šƒ๐“ˆ– (Dynasty 12). This was probably left as some type of offering ๐“Šต๐“๐“Šช๐“๐“”๐“ฆ. The ushabti ๐“…ฑ๐“ˆ™๐“ƒ€๐“๐“ญ๐“€พ and coffin ๐“‹ด๐“…ฑ๐“Ž›๐“๐“†ฑ are made out of wood ๐“†ฑ๐“๐“บ and are covered in gold ๐“‹ž๐“ƒ‰๐“ƒ‰๐“ƒ‰ leaf. 

The ushabti ๐“…ฑ๐“ˆ™๐“ƒ€๐“๐“ญ๐“€พ and coffin ๐“‹ด๐“…ฑ๐“Ž›๐“๐“†ฑ contain the name ๐“‚‹๐“ˆ– of Wahneferhotep, who was probably the son ๐“…ญ of Senwosret I ๐“„Š๐“‹ด๐“‚‹๐“๐“Šƒ๐“ˆ– due to the title โ€œKingโ€™s Son ๐“‡“๐“…ญโ€ appearing in the hieroglyphs ๐“Šน๐“Œƒ๐“ช. These two ๐“ป objects seen here are the only place where Wahneferhotepโ€™s name ๐“‚‹๐“ˆ–appears, so we know nothing about him!ย 

What is so cool about the miniature coffin ๐“‹ด๐“…ฑ๐“Ž›๐“๐“†ฑ is that it is so detailed and similar to an actual coffin ๐“‹ด๐“…ฑ๐“Ž›๐“๐“†ฑ! The text ๐“Ÿ๐“›๐“ฅ on the miniature coffin ๐“‹ด๐“…ฑ๐“Ž›๐“๐“†ฑ is inscribed with the same funerary spells as regular sized coffins would be! The eyes ๐“น๐“๐“ฆ on this side of the coffin ๐“‹ด๐“…ฑ๐“Ž›๐“๐“†ฑ would allow the mummy ๐“‡‹๐“น๐“…ฑ๐“€พ (or in this case, the ushabti ๐“†ท๐“„ฟ๐“ฏ๐“ƒ€๐“๐“ฎ๐“€พ) to see outside of it! The ushabti ๐“†ท๐“„ฟ๐“ฏ๐“ƒ€๐“๐“ฎ๐“€พ was even found covered with linen ๐“ฑ and laying on its side! This was very typical of Middle Kingdom burial practices ๐“ˆŽ๐“‚‹๐“‹ด๐“๐“๐“Šญ, and it was something my Nonno would always point out to me when we were in a museum! 

The text ๐“Ÿ๐“›๐“ฅ on the ushabti ๐“†ท๐“„ฟ๐“ฏ๐“ƒ€๐“๐“ฎ๐“€พ is a version of the standard โ€œShabti Spell. This spell ๐“Ž›๐“‚“๐“› gives the ushabti ๐“†ท๐“„ฟ๐“ฏ๐“ƒ€๐“๐“ฎ๐“€พ the power to complete tasks (farming, manual labor, etc) for the deceased ๐“…“๐“๐“ฑ in the Field of Reeds ๐“‡๐“๐“ˆ…๐“‡‹๐“„ฟ๐“‚‹๐“…ฑ๐“†ฐ๐“Š– so the deceased ๐“…“๐“๐“ฑ doesnโ€™t have to do any work in the afterlife ๐“‡ผ๐“„ฟ๐“๐“‰.