Tag: the met

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Reading Hieroglyphs

The Owl Hieroglyph

Let’s read some hieroglyphs π“ŠΉπ“Œƒπ“ͺ! 

Today π“‡π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“‡³ we are going to look at one of the most common and recognizable uniliteral phonogram hieroglyphic symbols: the owl π“…“! The owl hieroglyph is very unique because it is viewed head-on instead of in a profile view!Β 

Owl Hieroglyph
The Owl Hieroglyph from a Middle Kingdom coffin at the MET

I personally love the β€œowl 𓅓” hieroglyph because it reminds me of Hedwig from Harry Potter! I’ve been a huge Harry Potter fan since 2001 and whenever I see an owl it reminds me of my favorite books – especially when the hieroglyph is painted to look like a snowy owl! In ancient Egypt π“†Žπ“…“π“π“Š–, owls were seen as protective/guardian figures, which is exactly what Hedwig was to Harry! I love it when ancient Egyptian mythological themes persist through time! 

A uniliteral sign is a hieroglyphic symbol that corresponds to a single sound, just like a letter in the alphabet. The β€œowl 𓅓” symbol represents the sound of β€œm” and it has many different uses!  

The β€œowl 𓅓” symbol is one that appears in inscriptions all the time and is most commonly seen as part of other words! Some words that use the β€œowl 𓅓” symbol are: 

π“…“π“‚‹ – Overseer

π“†Žπ“…“π“π“Š– – Kemet (Egypt)

𓅓𓍑𓏏𓏛 – Papyrus Roll

π“‡π“…“π“Š΅π“π“Šͺ – Imhotep 

Of course these are not all the words that contain the β€œowl 𓅓” symbol! 

But what happens if the β€œowl 𓅓” symbol appears by itself in an inscription and isn’t part of another word? The β€œowl 𓅓” symbol has its own meaning when it appears alone! I guess you can say it functions as the all-around preposition! For example, the β€œowl 𓅓” hieroglyph can mean: In, On, At, By, With, and As! This symbol has so many meanings/uses! 

This is my personal photograph and original text. DO NOT repost. 

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Egyptian Artifacts

Statues of Imhotep

When it comes to ancient Egypt π“†Žπ“…“π“π“Š–, I’m obsessed with a couple of different things in particular: Hatshepsut π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“ŽΉπ“π“„‚π“π“€Όπ“ͺ, Ushabtis π“…±π“ˆ™π“ƒ€π“π“­π“€Ύ, Anubis π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“Šͺ𓅱𓃣, and Imhotep π“‡π“…“π“Š΅π“π“Šͺ! I love going to see the statues of Imhotep at the museum and my Nonno always made it into a game – #IFoundImhotepΒ 

Statues of Imhotep
Me (and William) with the Statues of Imhotep on display at the MET

Imhotep π“‡π“…“π“Š΅π“π“Šͺ was a real man that lived during Egypt’s π“†Žπ“…“π“π“Š– third dynasty (around 2700 B.C.E.) during the reign π“‹Ύπ“ˆŽπ“ of the pharaoh 𓉐𓉻 Djoser 𓂦𓂋. While Imhotep π“‡π“…“π“Š΅π“π“Šͺ is best known for being the architect of Djoser’s Step Pyramid (and Egypt’s first ever pyramid 𓍋𓅓𓂋𓉴), he was also a high priest π“ŠΉπ“› of Ra 𓇳𓏺𓁛! After his death, Imhotep π“‡π“…“π“Š΅π“π“Šͺ became one of the few non-royal Egyptians to be deified.Β 

Statues of Imhotep
The Statues of Imhotep showing the quartzite one on the left and the bronze one on the right. The middle statue is a seated scribe and is not Imhotep.

There is not much that is known about Imhotep π“‡π“…“π“Š΅π“π“Šͺ as a person while he was alive; most of what we know about Imhotep was written at the earliest 1,200 years after his death! Referred to as β€œSebayt π“‹΄π“ƒ€π“‡Όπ“„Ώπ“‡Œπ“π“›β€ in Middle Egyptian, these β€œinstructions” or β€œteachings” refer to Imhotep π“‡π“…“π“Š΅π“π“Šͺ as a great physician and a writer! One text from the 20th Dynasty called β€œEulogy of Dead Writers” even states β€œIs there another like Imhotep?” 

Statues of Imhotep
The bronze Imhotep statue. Most statues of Imhotep look like this one!

Most statues of Imhotep π“‡π“…“π“Š΅π“π“Šͺ are made of bronze π“ˆ”π“€π“ˆ’π“¦ (like you can see on the right side of this display) and are dated to the Ptolemaic Period, because that was when Imhotep π“‡π“…“π“Š΅π“π“Šͺ was widely worshipped.Β 

The quartzite statue of Imhotep. It is not common to see Imhotep in stone, so this piece is a treat to see on display at the MET.

The statue of Imhotep π“‡π“…“π“Š΅π“π“Šͺ on the left is so interesting because it is not made of bronze π“ˆ”π“€π“ˆ’π“¦ – it is made of the metamorphic rock quartzite!Β 

This is my personal photograph and original text. DO NOT repost. 

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Egyptian Artifacts Reading Hieroglyphs

Mummy of Ukhotep

This is the coffin π“‹΄π“…±π“Ž›π“π“†± and mummy 𓇋𓁹𓅱𓀾 of a man named Ukhotep π“‹‚π“Š΅π“π“Šͺ. Ukhotep π“‹‚π“Š΅π“π“Šͺ lived during the 12th dynasty (Middle Kingdom) and he was the chief treasurer 𓋨𓅱, which is why he probably received such gorgeous π“„€ funerary equipment π“ˆŽπ“‚‹π“‹΄π“π“π“Š­.Β 

Mummy of Ukhotep
The Mummy of Ukhotep on display at the MET

Ukhotep π“‹‚π“Š΅π“π“Šͺ had a wooden coffin π“‹΄π“…±π“Ž›π“π“†± inscribed with parts of the Coffin Texts, which were spells π“Ž›π“‚“π“›π“¦ that the deceased needed in order to gain magical powers in the afterlife 𓇼𓄿𓏏𓉐. This coffin π“‹΄π“…±π“Ž›π“π“†± and mummy 𓇋𓁹𓅱𓀾 is very typical of the Middle Kingdom burials (not just because of the styles/materials used for both the coffin and mask) but because the mummy 𓇋𓁹𓅱𓀾 was placed on his side inside of the wooden coffin π“‹΄π“…±π“Ž›π“π“†±, which allowed him to see out of the coffin π“‹΄π“…±π“Ž›π“π“†± through the eyes on the side!Β My Nonno always told me about this fact when I was little, and I was always fascinated by this funerary practice!

Mummy of Ukhotep
The Mummy of Ukhotep with hieroglyphs on his coffin! Learn how to read the hieroglyphs below!

Let’s read some hieroglyphs π“ŠΉπ“Œƒπ“ͺ! Here is the inscription: π“‡“π“π“Š΅π“™π“Ήπ“Š¨π“ŽŸπ“ˆ–π“…˜π“Ž›π“Ž›π“‡³ π“…π“ˆ–π“π“‹π“ƒ€π“ˆ‹π“Š–π“‰»π“ŽŸπ“†„π“

Here is a breakdown of the inscription: 

π“‡“π“π“Š΅π“™ – An Offering the King Gives

π“Ήπ“Š¨ – Osiris (his name is missing the determinative this time – usually it’s written as π“Ήπ“Š¨π“€­)

π“ŽŸ – Lord 

π“ˆ–π“…˜π“Ž›π“Ž›π“‡³ – Eternity 

𓏅 – Foremost 

π“ˆ–π“ – of

π“‹π“ƒ€π“ˆ‹π“Š– – Abydos

π“ŠΉπ“€­ – God

𓉻 – Great

π“ŽŸ -Lord 

𓆄𓏏 – Maat

Fun Fact: β€œπ“ˆ–π“β€ is also another way to spell the name of the goddess Neith but it can also mean β€œof” and a bunch of other filler-type words!

The variant of β€œeternity π“ˆ–π“…˜π“Ž›π“Ž›π“‡³β€ used in this inscription is very Middle Kingdom too – I rarely see this one used ever!! Usually the typical β€œπ“Ž›π“‡³π“Ž›β€ is used!Β 

Mummy of Ukhotep
The Mummy of Ukhotep with some of his other funerary equipment including his canopic jar case (near the head of the mummy)

This is my personal photograph and original text. DO NOT repost. 

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Reading Hieroglyphs

Wide Heart

𓄫𓏏𓄣 – β€œBe Happy, β€œHappiness,” β€œJoy,” – or more accurately translated from Middle Egyptian, β€œWide Heart.” 

Wide Heart

I LOVE how the direct Middle Egyptian translation of the word is β€œWide Heart 𓄫𓏏𓄣” – I think it carries so much meaning in such a little phrase. β€œAncient Egypt makes my heart wide” sounds cooler than β€œAncient Egypt brings me joy/happiness” – in my opinion at least!

I always love seeing Happiness/Joy 𓄫𓏏𓄣 written on objects because that is exactly how I felt when I was in a museum and looking at Egyptian artifacts with my Nonno. The only emotion I could feel at the time was joy 𓄫𓏏𓄣 and I was so lucky. I would do anything to go to a museum with my Nonno and experience those emotions again. 

While I still feel joy 𓄫𓏏𓄣 in museums now, there’s always a sadness and a feeling that something is missing because I truly miss my Nonno more than anything. 

I’m kind of in a transition period of my life at the moment (hence the non-consistent posting) and I am hopefully on my way to doing something that will make me happy 𓄫𓏏𓄣! 

Let’s read some hieroglyphs π“ŠΉπ“Œƒπ“ͺ! Here are some common variants for the word that will pop up in inscriptions:

π“„«π“„£

𓄫𓄣𓏏

𓄫𓏏𓄣𓏺

𓄫𓄣𓏺

This is my personal photograph and original text. DO NOT repost. 

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Reading Hieroglyphs

Wosretkau in Hieroglyphs

Let’s read some hieroglyphs π“ŠΉπ“Œƒπ“ͺ! 

Something that makes this statue 𓏏𓅱𓏏𓀾 of Hatshepsut at the MET so unique is that her Horus name appears instead of her Throne Name (𓇳𓁦𓂓) or Birth Name (π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“ŽΉπ“π“„‚π“π“€Όπ“ͺ)! The Horus Name appears in a Serekh which is a different enclosure from a cartouche. The Serekh consists of the Falcon Horus π“…ƒ standing on top of a palace facade π“Š.Β 

Wosretkau

I’m pointing to her Horus Name in the picture 𓏏𓅱𓏏 – Hatshepsut’s Horus Name is β€œπ“„Šπ“‹΄π“π“‚“π“‚“π“‚“ – Wosretkau or Useretkau.” 

Let’s break down the meaning of her name:

π“„Šπ“‹΄π“ – Powerful, Mighty, Strong (this is the female version; male version is π“„Šπ“‹΄). 

π“‚“π“‚“π“‚“ – Kas (Souls) 

β€œWosretkau” translates to β€œThe Mighty of the Kas” or β€œThe Mighty of the Souls.”

Wosretkau

Let’s break down the hieroglyphic symbols π“ŠΉπ“Œƒπ“ͺ:

The β€œhead and neck of a jackal π“„Šβ€ symbol is a triliteral phonogram and represents the sound β€œwsr” or β€œusr.” 

The β€œfolded cloth 𓋴” is a uniliteral phonogram for β€œs.”

The β€œflat loaf of bread 𓏏” is a uniliteral phonogram used to represent the sound β€œt.” It also functions as the ideogram for the word β€œbread 𓏏𓏺” and can be used to make words feminine! 

The β€œπ“‚“ two arms” symbol is a biliteral phonogram for the sound β€œka,” and also functions as an ideogram for the same. The word β€œka” has been translated into our modern languages as β€œsoul.” 

I think that is such a cool name π“‚‹π“ˆ– to have! This name π“‚‹π“ˆ– has only been recorded in a couple of places, including the Stela π“Ž—π“…±π“†“π“‰Έ at the Vatican Museum, the Obelisk 𓉢 at Karnak, and on a couple of statues 𓏏𓅱𓏏𓀾π“ͺ from Deir el-Bahri 𓂦𓂋𓂦π“₯𓉐 (like this one at the MET). 

This is my personal photograph and original text. DO NOT repost. 

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Reading Hieroglyphs

Amun-Ra in Hieroglyphs

Let’s read some hieroglyphs π“ŠΉπ“Œƒπ“ͺ!

Today π“‡π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“‡³ we are going to be looking at an inscription that appears on aΒ  β€œDoorjamb from a Temple of Rameses II” which is on display at the MET. Since this is from the reign π“‹Ύπ“ˆŽπ“ of pharaoh 𓉐𓉻 Rameses II π“©π“›π“ˆ˜π“„Ÿπ“‹΄π“‡“, we can easily date the inscription to the 19th Dynasty! This piece is made of red granite π“…“π“Œ³π“π“ŽΆ which is both a highly durable and very beautiful 𓄀𓆑𓂋 rock π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“‚‹π“ˆ™. The durability of the red granite π“…“π“Œ³π“π“ŽΆ has allowed the hieroglyphs π“ŠΉπ“Œƒπ“ͺ to stay so well preserved for so long!

Amun-Ra

Here is a breakdown of the hieroglyphs π“ŠΉπ“Œƒπ“ͺ:

π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“‡³π“Ί – Amun-Ra

π“ŽŸπ“ŽΌπ“ŽΌπ“ŽΌπ“‡Ώπ“‡Ώ – Lord of the Thrones

π“ˆ˜ – Beloved

All together the inscription reads β€œBeloved of Amun-Ra, Lord of the Thrones.” 

So why is the inscription written/translated the way it is? β€œAmun-Ra π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“‡³π“Ίβ€ is written first but said last due to what is called β€œhonorific transposition.” Out of respect for the god π“ŠΉ, their name π“‚‹π“ˆ– is written first but said last in the sentence! In English (and other languages like Italian) we have something similar to this – we say β€œten dollars” but write it as β€œdollars ten” – $10! 

β€œLord of the Thrones π“ŽŸπ“ŽΌπ“ŽΌπ“ŽΌπ“‡Ώπ“‡Ώβ€ is an epithet which is kind of like a title that is written after the name π“‚‹π“ˆ– of the god π“ŠΉ so it both written and pronounced after the name π“‚‹π“ˆ– of the god π“ŠΉ. 

This type of inscription commonly appears after the cartouche π“ π“ˆ–π“ˆ™π“· which is the oval enclosure that distinguished the name π“‚‹π“ˆ– of the pharaoh 𓉐𓉻 from other hieroglyphs π“ŠΉπ“Œƒπ“ͺ in inscriptions. In my picture 𓏏𓅱𓏏 you can even see the bottom part of the cartouche π“ π“ˆ–π“ˆ™π“·!

When you first start learning how to read hieroglyphs π“ŠΉπ“Œƒπ“ͺ it seems like a puzzle but it definitely gets so much easier with practice!Β 

This is my personal photograph and original text. DO NOT repost. 

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Ushabti Friends

Ushabtis of Seti I – Ushabti Friends

Ushabtis of Seti I

As part of my β€œUshabti Friends” series, I am teaching you how to look at the different characteristics of ushabtis π“…±π“ˆ™π“ƒ€π“π“­π“€Ύ to show how unique and wonderful these pieces are! Today π“‡π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“‡³ we are going to look at the ushabtis of the 19th Dynasty pharaoh 𓉐𓉻 Seti I 𓇳𓁦𓏠!Β 

Ushabtis of Seti I
Ushabtis of Seti I

Pharaoh Seti I 𓇳𓁦𓏠 had an estimatedΒ  1000+ ushabtis π“…±π“ˆ™π“ƒ€π“π“­π“€Ύπ“ͺ, however, only about 700 remain! Most of Seti I’s 𓇳𓁦𓏠 ushabtis π“…±π“ˆ™π“ƒ€π“π“­π“€Ύπ“ͺ were wood 𓆱𓏏𓏺 and when Giovanni Belzoni discovered Seti I’s tomb π“‡‹π“«π“Šƒπ“‰ in the Valley of the Kings in 1917, he used a lot of the wooden 𓆱𓏏𓏺 ushabtis π“…±π“ˆ™π“ƒ€π“π“­π“€Ύπ“ͺ as torches (this fact still haunts me – it was also one of my Nonno’s favorite stories to tell). Anytime Seti I came up in conversation my Nonno would say β€œcan you believe some idiots used his ushabtis as torches??!!”

Besides the tragic wooden 𓆱𓏏𓏺 ushabtis, Seti I π“Šͺπ“π“Ž›π“£π“‡Œπ“ŒΈπ“ˆ– had many faience π“‹£π“ˆ–π“π“Έπ“Ό ushabtis π“…±π“ˆ™π“ƒ€π“π“­π“€Ύπ“ͺ. His faience π“‹£π“ˆ–π“π“Έπ“Ό ushabtis π“…±π“ˆ™π“ƒ€π“π“­π“€Ύπ“ͺ are such a beautiful π“„€ blue 𓇋𓁹𓏏𓄿𓏸π“₯ color and are inscribed with the Shabti Spell in hieroglyphs π“ŠΉπ“Œƒπ“ͺ.

Ushabtis of Seti I

Some of the wooden 𓆱𓏏𓏺 ushabtis π“…±π“ˆ™π“ƒ€π“π“­π“€Ύπ“ͺ contain hieroglyphs π“ŠΉπ“Œƒπ“ͺ as well, however, the hieroglyphs π“ŠΉπ“Œƒπ“ͺ are better preserved on some pieces better than others because wood 𓆱𓏏𓏺 will naturally deteriorate over time due to the nature of the organic materials. 

So how can we tell these are ushabtis of Seti I from the 19th Dynasty? 

  1. The ushabtis were found in his tomb in the Valley of the Kings
  2. The ushabtis are inscribed with his throne name (𓇳𓁦𓏠) and birth name (π“Šͺπ“π“Ž›π“£π“‡Œπ“ŒΈπ“ˆ–).
  3. The ushabtis have characteristics of the 19th dynasty such as the faience ushabtis which are holding a hoe in each hand π“ŒΈ (typical of 18th-25th dynasties)
Ushabtis of Seti I

This is my personal photograph and original text. DO NOT repost.Β 

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Ushabtis of Seti I
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Blog

Hatshepsut Brochure

My Nonno was the type of person to keep brochures of the places he visited, and I have always done the same because he always told me to! Looking back, I’m so glad he always told me to keep stuff because I love looking back and remembering the fun things we got to do!

Hatshepsut Brochure
Hatshepsut Brochure

I was going through some of my old stuff yesterday, and I found this wonderful little Hatshepsut Brochure! While this is just a piece of paper to most, I picked up this little audio guide ad while at the β€œHatshepsut: From Queen to Pharaoh” exhibit that the MET put on in 2006! I remember loving it because it has a picture of my absolute favorite Egyptian antiquity on it! The white limestone statue of Hatshepsut will always be my absolute favorite piece!

My whole family came with me for my birthday and we had such an incredible day at that exhibit. The memories of that day are something that I will cherish forever. Finding this also made me really miss my Nonno; while I miss him so much every single day, finding this made it even more prevalent and I’m still feeling it this morning as I write this out.Β 

This is my personal photograph and original text. DO NOT repost. 

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Ushabti Friends

Royal 18th Dynasty Ushabtis – Ushabti Friends

As part of my β€œUshabti Friends” series, I am teaching you how to look at the different characteristics of ushabtis π“…±π“ˆ™π“ƒ€π“π“­π“€Ύ and how those characteristics can help you to narrow down the age/time period that the ushabti π“…±π“ˆ™π“ƒ€π“π“­π“€Ύ is from! Today we are going to look at Royal 18th Dynasty Ushabtis!

All of the ushabtis π“…±π“ˆ™π“ƒ€π“π“­π“€Ύ we are going to look at today π“‡π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“‡³ are royal ushabtis π“…±π“ˆ™π“ƒ€π“π“­π“€Ύ that all belonged to pharaohs 𓉐𓉻𓏦 from the 18th Dynasty! The 18th Dynasty is almost the β€œgolden age” of ushabtis π“…±π“ˆ™π“ƒ€π“π“­π“€Ύ because these little guys undergo much development during this time period and have so many different characteristics!Β 

Royal 18th Dynasty Ushabtis
The wooden ushabti of Amenhotep III

The wooden ushabti π“…±π“ˆ™π“ƒ€π“π“­π“€Ύ of Amenhotep III π“‡³π“§π“Ž  is very interesting because it has a very distinct characteristic of 18th Dynasty ushabtis π“…±π“ˆ™π“ƒ€π“π“­π“€Ύ that is not just one found on royal ushabtis π“…±π“ˆ™π“ƒ€π“π“­π“€Ύ!

Royal 18th Dynasty Ushabtis
A closeup of the wooden ushabti of Amenhotep III to highlight where a hoe or other tools would have been placed in his hands!

There is a space in the hands where tools would have been inserted – such as a hoe π“ŒΈ. Tools that were attached separately were only found in the 18th Dynasty!

Royal 18th Dynasty Ushabtis
The Shabti Spell on the ushabti of Amenhotep III

The β€œShabti Spell” is also on the ushabti π“…±π“ˆ™π“ƒ€π“π“­π“€Ύ!Β 

Royal 18th Dynasty Ushabtis
Limestone ushabti of Amenhotep II

The rock based ushabtis π“…±π“ˆ™π“ƒ€π“π“­π“€Ύ of Amenhotep II π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“Š΅π“π“Šͺ and Akhenaten π“‡‹π“π“ˆ–π“‡³π“…œπ“π“ˆ– are all seen holding Ankh symbols in their hands which are crossed over their chest in a mummiform fashion.

Royal 18th Dynasty Ushabtis
Ushabti of Akhenaten holding Ankhs in each hand

I have only seen royal ushabtis π“…±π“ˆ™π“ƒ€π“π“­π“€Ύ with Ankhs π“‹Ή! I find this to be commentary on the religion because a deceased pharaoh 𓉐𓉻 would not have to be doing work anyway – he probably was buried with ushabtis π“…±π“ˆ™π“ƒ€π“π“­π“€Ύ just in case! This is probably why some of the royal ushabtis π“…±π“ˆ™π“ƒ€π“π“­π“€Ύ have Ankhs π“‹Ή and not tools!Β 

Royal 18th Dynasty Ushabtis
Ushabti of Akhenaten holding Ankhs in each hand

These ushabtis π“…±π“ˆ™π“ƒ€π“π“­π“€Ύ also have false beards and are wearing some type of royal crown to distinguish that they are pharaohs 𓉐𓉻𓏦!

Ushabti of Akhenaten wearing a royal crown and false beard

This is my personal photograph and original text. DO NOT repost. 

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Reading Hieroglyphs Ushabti Friends

Ushabti of Nebhor – Ushabti Friends

Let me introduce you to another one of my Ushabti Friends – the Ushabti of Nebhor π“ŽŸπ“…„!

Ushabti of Nebhor
The Ushabti of Nebhor

This is one of my absolute favorite ushabti π“…±π“ˆ™π“ƒ€π“π“­π“€Ύ figures at the MET just because he is so adorable! This ushabti π“…±π“ˆ™π“ƒ€π“π“­π“€Ύ is dated to the 21st-22nd dynasties and is made out of blue 𓇋𓁹𓏏𓄿𓏸π“₯ faience π“‹£π“ˆ–π“π“Έπ“Ό and has features and inscriptions π“Ÿπ“›π“₯ on it that are painted π“žπ“œ with black π“†Žπ“…“ paint 𓇨𓂋𓅱𓏭𓏸𓏦.

We can tell the age of this ushabti π“…±π“ˆ™π“ƒ€π“π“­π“€Ύ just by looking at it! Let’s go through the process of narrowing down the age: 

  1. This ushabti π“…±π“ˆ™π“ƒ€π“π“­π“€Ύ is holding a hoe π“ŒΈ in each hand, which is characteristic of ushabtis π“…±π“ˆ™π“ƒ€π“π“­π“€Ύ that were made from the 18th Dynasty to the 25th Dynasty!Β 
  2. This little guy is also holding a bag on his back (I don’t have a picture of that I’m sorry), which narrows down the age from the 19th-23rd Dynasties!Β 
  3. This ushabti π“…±π“ˆ™π“ƒ€π“π“­π“€Ύ is also wearing a headband, which is usually only found on ushabtis π“…±π“ˆ™π“ƒ€π“π“­π“€Ύ that were made from the 21st-22nd Dynasties, which is the defining characteristic and allows us to really narrow down the age!Β 

Since I can’t help myself, Let’s read some hieroglyphs π“ŠΉπ“Œƒπ“ͺ! 

π“Š©π“Ή – The Osiris 

π“ŽŸπ“…„ – Nebhor

π“™π“Š€ – True of Voice

β€œThe Osiris π“Š©π“Ήβ€ part of the inscription means that Nebhor π“ŽŸπ“…„, through the process of mummification π“‹΄π“‚§π“π“…±π“Ž, becomes 𓆣 like the god π“ŠΉ Osiris π“Š©π“Ή who is the main god π“ŠΉ of the dead. This means that Nebhor π“ŽŸπ“…„ will live on in the Duat 𓇼𓄿𓏏𓉐 (afterlife) just like Osiris π“Š©π“Ή has! 

β€œTrue of Voice π“™π“Š€β€ means that Nebhor π“ŽŸπ“…„ has lived a just and true life! This phrase appears quite often amongst funerary objects!

The Ushabti of Nebhor on display at the MET

This is my personal photograph and original text. DO NOT repost. 

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