Tag: artifact

Book of the Dead of Sobekmose

Post author By ancientegyptblog7
Post date June 25, 2022

One of the greatest aspects of the Brooklyn Museum’s Egyptian collection is The Book of the Dead for a man named Sobekmose, who had the title “Goldworker of Amun.” Sobekmose was buried in Memphis 𓏠𓈖𓄤𓆑𓂋𓉴𓊖 and that is where this papyrus 𓅓𓍑𓏏𓏛 was found. This Book of the Dead dates to the 18th Dynasty (early New Kingdom 1500-1480 B.C.E.). It is displayed as one complete papyrus 𓅓𓍑𓏏𓏛!

The Book of the Dead is interesting because it doesn’t follow a particular story. The spells 𓎛𓂓𓏛𓏦 do seem to be grouped by theme, and sometimes pictures 𓏏𓅱𓏏𓏦 can be representative of the spells 𓎛𓂓𓏛𓏦 as well.

In this image 𓏏𓅱𓏏, you can see some of the Hieratic script that the Book of the Dead is written in – don’t ask me to translate, because I can’t read Hieratic! I can only read hieroglyphs 𓊹𓌃𓏪! I would love to learn Hieratic though! The text is read from top to bottom, right to left.

Some of the Hieratic is in black 𓆎𓅓 ink while some of it is in red 𓂧𓈙𓂋𓅟. The red 𓂧𓈙𓂋𓅟 ink seems to symbolize either the beginning or the end 𓎼𓂋𓎛𓂝𓏛 of a spell 𓎛𓂓𓏛, or it could highlight a word for a noun that was considered “bad” in Egyptian culture. However, sometimes even “offering table 𓂝𓃀𓅡𓄿𓋃” could have been written/drawn in red 𓂧𓈙𓂋𓅟 and offering tables 𓂝𓃀𓅡𓄿𓋃 were not bad at all! So, some of the red 𓂧𓈙𓂋𓅟 ink seems kinda random.

Tags artifact, book of the dead, brooklyn museum

Egyptian Artifacts

Scribes in Ancient Egypt

Post author By ancientegyptblog7
Post date June 25, 2022

Scribes 𓏟𓀀𓏪 were very highly regarded in ancient Egyptian society. Due to the complexity of hieroglyphs 𓊹𓌃𓏪/hieratic, those who were able to master it were extremely valued. Scribes 𓏟𓀀𓏪 recorded magic spells, wills and other legal contracts, medical procedures, and tax records. Scribes 𓏟𓀀𓏪 also helped to preserve Egyptian culture throughout time. They were considered part of the royal court and did not have to serve in the military because their job as a scribe 𓏟𓀀 was so essential.

Nicole (me) and her sister Amanda with the scribe statue at the Louvre.

It took almost ten 𓎆 years for a person to complete scribal training and children started school as young as five 𓏾 years old. Though most scribes 𓏟𓀀𓏪 are shown to be men 𓊃𓀀𓏤, there is archaeological evidence that some girls also attended school and learned to read. Most boys inherited the job of scribe 𓏟𓀀 from their father 𓇋𓏏𓀀 as is the same with other occupations in ancient Egypt 𓆎𓅓𓏏𓊖.

Fun fact: it took me about six 𓏿 years to really master reading hieroglyphs 𓊹𓌃𓏪! Even though I’ve been practicing/reading them for over 20 𓎆𓎆 years now, I’m still learning every single day!

Tags artifact, louvre

Egyptian Artifacts Reading Hieroglyphs

Bronze Blades of Hatshepsut

Post author By ancientegyptblog7
Post date June 25, 2022

Believe it or not, these two 𓏻 pieces were probably my favorite objects that I saw in the Petrie Museum.

I was so excited when I saw them, because Hatshepsut’s 𓇳𓁦𓂓 throne name appears on it! Since I absolutely love anything to do with Hatshepsut 𓇳𓁦𓂓, I was incredibly excited to see something with her name on it. These two 𓏻 pieces are actually bronze 𓈔𓏤𓈒𓏦 blades that were once attached to a handle.

Let’s read some hieroglyphs 𓊹𓌃𓏪!

𓄤𓊹 – Perfect God

(𓇳𓁦𓂓) – Maatkare (Hatshepsut’s Throne Name – translates to “Truth is the Soul of Re.”)

𓇋𓏠𓈖 – Amun

𓏃𓂦𓂦𓉐- Holiest of Holies (Deir el-Bahri temple)

𓌺𓇌 – Beloved

Put together, the inscription reads: 𓄤𓊹(𓇳𓁦𓂓)𓇋𓏠𓈖𓏃𓂦𓂦𓌺𓇌 “The Perfect God Maatkare, Beloved of Amun, Holiest of Holies.”

Tags artifact, hatshepsut, hieroglyph lessons, hieroglyphs, petrie museum

Egyptian Artifacts

Magical Stela – Cippus

Post author By ancientegyptblog7
Post date June 25, 2022

This is known as a Magical Stela, or a cippus.

It depicts Horus 𓅃𓀭(or Harpokrates, the Greek version of Horus 𓅃𓀭) standing on two 𓏻 crocodiles 𓅓𓋴𓎛𓆌𓏥 and holding other dangerous animals such as snakes 𓇋𓂝𓂋𓏏𓆘𓏪 and scorpions 𓋴𓂋𓈎𓏏𓆫𓏪 in each hand. The god Bes 𓃀𓋴𓄜 also appears above Horus’ 𓅃𓀭 head 𓁶𓏺. Bes 𓃀𓋴𓄜 was known to ward off evil and bad luck.

Normally, stela 𓎗𓅱𓆓𓉸 were used to commemorate the dead so this is almost like a protective amulet 𓊐𓊪𓅆 in the form of a stela 𓎗𓅱𓆓𓉸. This cippus was used by the living for protection 𓅓𓂝𓎡𓀜. Since the Old Kingdom, Horus 𓅃𓀭 was called upon as a defender against snake or scorpion bites. Placing the cippus on a wound would evoke its magical and healing powers. Cippus stela 𓎗𓅱𓆓𓉸 like this were usually kept in homes 𓉐𓏺.

However, cippus pieces have also been found in tombs 𓇋𓐫𓊃𓉐𓏪, so we can assume that the Egyptians thought it not only would help protect 𓅓𓂝𓎡𓀜 the living, but the dead too.

Fun fact! The Middle Egyptian word for scorpion is 𓋴𓂋𓈎𓏏𓆫 which can be pronounced like “Serket.” Serket 𓋴𓂋𓈎𓏏𓆫 was a goddess 𓊹𓏏 who was represented by a scorpion and she was associated with healing, protection, and magic. Serket 𓋴𓂋𓈎𓏏𓆫 could also be written like this: 𓊃𓂋𓈎𓏏𓁐.

Tags artifact, petrie museum

Egyptian Artifacts

The Abydos King List

Post author By ancientegyptblog7
Post date June 25, 2022

Something I was so excited to see in the British Museum was the Abydos King List. There are two surviving King Lists from temples 𓉟𓏏𓉐𓏪 at Abydos, the cult center of Osiris 𓁹𓊨𓀭. One temple 𓉟𓏏𓉐 is from Seti I 𓇳𓁦𓏠, and the other from his son Rameses II 𓁩𓁛𓈘𓄟𓋴𓇓, who were both pharaohs 𓉐𓉻𓏥 during the 19th Dynasty. Seti I’s 𓇳𓁦𓏠 list is still in the temple 𓉟𓏏𓉐 at Abydos, while Rameses II’s 𓁩𓁛𓈘𓄟𓋴𓇓 was excavated and brought to the British Museum.

While neither list is a 100% complete list, there are some glaring holes in the list – Hatshepsut 𓇋𓏠𓈖𓎹𓏏𓄂𓏏𓀼𓏪, Akhenaten 𓇋𓏏𓈖𓇳𓅞𓐍𓈖, Smenkhare 𓇳𓊃𓉻𓂓𓂦𓆣, Tutankhamun 𓇋𓏠𓈖𓏏𓅱𓏏𓋹𓋾𓉺𓇓, and Ay’s 𓇳𓆣𓆣𓏪𓁹𓐙𓏏 cartouches are missing. Obviously, these names were left off because these pharaohs 𓉐𓉻𓏥 are considered non-legitimate. Hatshepsut 𓇋𓏠𓈖𓎹𓏏𓄂𓏏𓀼𓏪 was the female pharaoh 𓉐𓉻, and Akhenaten-Ay is considered the Amarna Period, which was not well liked due to the drama of Akhenaten changing the religion and moving the capital of Egypt 𓆎𓅓𓏏𓊖.

The point of the King Lists was not to preserve history for future generations, rather the main objective was to glorify the gods 𓊹𓊹𓊹, and as we know, pharaohs 𓉐𓉻𓏥 were considered gods 𓊹𓊹𓊹 on Earth. These lists allowed Seti I 𓇳𓁦𓏠 and Rameses II 𓁩𓁛𓈘𓄟𓋴𓇓 to assert their legitimacy amongst the old pharaohs 𓉐𓉻𓏥 of Egypt 𓆎𓅓𓏏𓊖.

Tags artifact, british museum

Egyptian Artifacts

Limestone Stela of Paser

Post author By ancientegyptblog7
Post date June 25, 2022

This is a limestone 𓇋𓈖𓈙𓌉 stela 𓎗𓅱𓆓𓉸 that belonged to a man 𓊃𓀀𓏤 named Paser 𓅮𓀙 who lived during the 18th Dynasty.

This is not the same Paser 𓅮𓀙𓀽 who was the vizier 𓅷𓏏𓏺𓀀 to the pharaoh 𓉐𓉻 Rameses II 𓁩𓁛𓈘𓄟𓋴𓇓 – that Paser 𓅮𓀙𓀽 lived during the 19th Dynasty! On a random note, the Vizier Paser 𓅮𓀙𓀽 has his own large stela 𓎗𓅱𓆓𓉸 in the British Museum (which I have written about in previous posts) but a smaller stela 𓎗𓅱𓆓𓉸 was also found during the excavation of his tomb 𓇋𓐫𓊃𓉐. I was so excited to see the name 𓂋𓈖 Paser 𓅮𓀙 in the Petrie Museum when I was there with my Nonno because my Nonno’s favorite non-royal was vizier 𓅷𓏏𓏺𓀀 Paser 𓅮𓀙𓀽! That excitement ended when I saw the date of the piece and realized that these were not for “THE” Paser 𓅮𓀙𓀽 and we’re just for another man 𓊃𓀀𓏤 with the same name 𓂋𓈖 😂.

Let’s read some hieroglyphs! What’s great about this stela 𓎗𓅱𓆓𓉸 is thatall the people are labeled with a “caption” above them so they can be identified. The man 𓊃𓀀𓏤 in the middle is Paser 𓅮𓀙 and on either side of him is a woman 𓊃𓏏𓂑𓏏𓁐. Both women have the same name 𓂋𓈖 – Mery 𓌻𓇌. The word “mery” in Middle Egyptian means “beloved,” and can also be written like this: 𓌻𓂋𓇌.

The woman 𓊃𓏏𓂑𓏏𓁐 that is sitting with Paser 𓅮𓀙 on the lion legged chair is his wife 𓂑𓏏𓁐, while the woman 𓊃𓏏𓂑𓏏𓁐 standing at the offering table 𓂝𓃀𓅡𓄿𓋃 with the lotus flower 𓆸 is their daughter 𓐍𓇌𓀕. Two 𓏻 Eyes of Horus 𓂀 can be seen on either side of the Shen Ring 𓍶 at the top of the stela 𓎗𓅱𓆓𓉸.

Tags artifact, petrie museum, stela

Egyptian Artifacts

Pink Granite Sphinx

Post author By ancientegyptblog7
Post date June 25, 2022

Rome and The Vatican Museum were some of my Nonno’s absolute favorite places to be and I am so so lucky that we were able to travel there together in 2014. Some of the best days of my life were spent in Rome and Rome has remained my favorite city since that visit. I love Rome’s combination of ancient and modern – the whole vibe of the city very much fits my personality!

This is the pink granite 𓅓𓌳𓏏𓎶 Sphinx 𓎛𓅱𓃭𓏤 in the Vatican and it is dated to the first century AD. Even as a geologist it’s so weird that this rock 𓇋𓈖𓂋𓈙 is classified as pink granite 𓅓𓌳𓏏𓎶 because it isn’t pink! Red granite 𓅓𓌳𓏏𓎶 is actually a lot more pink and many can get the two 𓏻 rocks 𓇋𓈖𓂋𓈙𓏦 confused! For the purpose of writing hieroglyphs 𓊹𓌃𓏪, I used the same word for both red and pink granite since the rocks 𓇋𓈖𓂋𓈙𓏦 are definitely similar!

It was difficult to find information about this Sphinx 𓎛𓅱𓃭𓏤 which is why I haven’t made a post about it even though I love this picture 𓏏𓅱𓏏!

But just looking at it you can tell the craftsmanship is exquisite! You can definitely see the merging of Egyptian and Roman styles in this piece. The Sphinx 𓎛𓅱𓃭𓏤 is also so big, which makes it even more impressive. It is so difficult to work with granite 𓇋𓈖𓈙𓈖𓌳𓍿 because it is a very hard and stable rock 𓇋𓈖𓂋𓈙 (which is why it’s so great to use for countertops)!

Tags artifact, sphinx, vatican museum

Egyptian Artifacts

Statue of a Man Named Ahmose

Post author By ancientegyptblog7
Post date June 25, 2022

This is gray schist statue 𓄚𓈖𓏏𓏭𓀾 is of a man 𓊃𓀀𓏤 named Ahmose 𓇹𓄟𓋴 (but his nickname was Ruru). Schist is a metamorphic rock 𓇋𓈖𓂋𓈙, which means it formed under extreme heat and pressure. Schist is formed due to a process called regional metamorphism, which is a fancy way to say mountain building over big areas! Most of NYC is actually built on schist – it is an extremely strong and dense rock, hence why it can support NYC’s tremendous skyscrapers!

Even though this statue 𓄚𓈖𓏏𓏭𓀾 is dated to the 18th Dynasty, it was definitely influenced by Middle Kingdom style art. The wig and the cloak that Ahmose 𓇹𓄟𓋴 is depicted as wearing was a popular style during the Middle Kingdom. However, the facial structure of the statue 𓄚𓈖𓏏𓏭𓀾 is very much a New Kingdom style.

Ahmose 𓇹𓄟𓋴 served as a high ranking government official 𓋴𓂋𓀀(probably some type of priest 𓊹𓍛) during the reign of Hatshepsut 𓇋𓏠𓈖𓎹𓏏𓄂𓏏𓀼𓏪, however her cartouches do not appear anywhere on the statue 𓄚𓈖𓏏𓏭𓀾. Her cartouches were erased and you can now see the cartouche of Thutmosis III 𓇳𓏠𓆣 on the front inscription. This happened to a lot of objects bearing Hatshepsut’s 𓇋𓏠𓈖𓎹𓏏𓄂𓏏𓀼𓏪 name 𓂋𓈖, especially during the reign of Thutmosis III 𓇳𓏠𓆣.

The name 𓂋𓈖 Ahmose 𓇹𓄟𓋴 was an extremely popular name during the 18th Dynasty. Ahmose 𓇹𓄟𓋴 means “the moon is born.”

Tags artifact, brooklyn museum

Egyptian Artifacts

Details of Anubis on a Roman Sarcophagus

Post author By ancientegyptblog7
Post date June 25, 2022

For my whole life I have called this piece the “Roman Anubis Mummy!!!”

As anyone who has followed me for a while knows, I love absolutely anything that has to do with Anubis 𓇋𓈖𓊪𓅱𓃣! He has been my favorite Egyptian god 𓊹 since I started learning about mythology at six 𓏿 years old! Since I was a kid who was obsessed with mummies 𓇋𓁹𓅱𓀾𓏪 too, it makes sense that Anubis 𓇋𓈖𓊪𓅱𓃣, god 𓊹 of mummification and cemeteries would be a favorite of mine!

What is interesting about this image 𓏏𓅱𓏏 of Anubis 𓇋𓈖𓊪𓅱𓃣 though is that he is depicted with the moon 𓇋𓂝𓎛𓇹. Thoth 𓅤𓀭 is usually represented with the moon (as he is god 𓊹 of the moon 𓇋𓂝𓎛𓇹 along with hieroglyphs 𓊹𓌃𓏪, writing 𓏟𓏛𓏥, wisdom etc.), while Anubis’ 𓇋𓈖𓊪𓅱𓃣 connection to the lunar disc 𓇋𓂝𓎛𓇹 is not well understood. One of the earliest images 𓏏𓅱𓏏𓏦 of Anubis 𓇋𓈖𓊪𓅱𓃣 with the moon 𓇋𓂝𓎛𓇹 actually comes from Hatshepsut’s 𓇋𓏠𓈖𓎹𓏏𓄂𓏏𓀼𓏪 mortuary temple at Deir el-Bahri 𓂦𓂋𓂦𓏥𓉐, in the scene that “confirms” that Amun 𓇋𓏠𓈖 was Hatshepsut’s 𓇋𓏠𓈖𓎹𓏏𓄂𓏏𓀼𓏪 father 𓇋𓏏𓀀, thus she had the divine right to rule. Other scenes connecting Anubis 𓇋𓈖𓊪𓅱𓃣 to the moon 𓇋𓂝𓎛𓇹 exist, but the relationship between two 𓏻 are not well understood and it is something I wish we knew more about!

This is the mummy 𓇋𓁹𓅱𓀾 of a woman 𓊃𓏏𓂑𓏏𓁐 named Artemidora who lived in Egypt 𓆎𓅓𓏏𓊖 during the Roman Period (A.D 90-100). The text above Anubis 𓇋𓈖𓊪𓅱𓃣 reads “Artemidora, daughter of Harpokras, died untimely, aged 27. Farewell.” The images 𓏏𓅱𓏏𓏦 taken of her mummy 𓇋𓁹𓅱𓀾 using radiographic techniques confirm this age of death. Big thanks the @metmuseum for the translation, because while I can read and translate hieroglyphs 𓊹𓌃𓏪 I certainly do not know Greek!

Tags anubis, artifact, gods and goddesses, the met

Egyptian Artifacts

Wood Embellishments

Post author By ancientegyptblog7
Post date June 25, 2022

These three 𓏼 pieces in the Brooklyn Museum are embellishments made of wood 𓆱𓏏𓏺 that were meant to attach to furniture. They are from the 18th Dynasty and these pieces look so good after so long because Egypt’s 𓆎𓅓𓏏𓊖 environment is ideal for preserving wood 𓆱𓏏𓏺 because it’s so dry. There isn’t the risk of mold (in most places) so the wood 𓆱𓏏𓏺 can be preserved decently well.

The Djed Pillar 𓊽 (both ends) is associated with Osiris 𓁹𓊨𓀭 and his regenerative powers. The Djed Pillar 𓊽 is thought to represent Osiris’ 𓁹𓊨𓀭 spine, hence why it was used to represent the word “stability” in hieroglyphs 𓊹𓌃𓏪. It was usually used in a funerary context, and Djed pillar 𓊽 amulets 𓊐𓊪𓅆𓏦 were placed on mummies 𓇋𓁹𓅱𓀾𓏪 to help enhance powers of regeneration. It is one of the most easily recognized symbols in Egyptian art. It’s use can be traced back to the Old Kingdom.

The tyet knot 𓎬 (the middle), also known as the Isis knot 𓎬, was considered a very strong symbol of protection and came to be associated with Isis 𓊨𓏏𓁥. The Egyptians believed that knots 𓎬 were able to bind and then release magic. The Isis Knots 𓎬 were also mostly used in a funerary context, as amulets 𓊐𓊪𓅆𓏦 placed on mummies 𓇋𓁹𓅱𓀾𓏪, so it is very interesting to see both symbols made of wood 𓆱𓏏𓏺 and used for furniture!

Tags artifact, brooklyn museum

Recent Posts

Archives

Categories