This hieroglyphic ๐น๐ text from the Book of the Dead ๐๐๐๐ป๐ ๐๐๐ฒ๐ณ๐บ๐ผ๐บ of Imhotep contains some really common hieroglyphic phrases and words! These phrases are short and easy to recognize, so once you learn them, youโll be reading through some partial inscriptions ๐๐๐ฅ in no time!
Some parts of this papyrus ๐ ๐๐๐ are written in hieroglyphs ๐น๐๐ช, which is very cool because I can read it! I have not mastered Hieratic at all, which is what a lot of papyri ๐ ๐๐๐๐ฆ and Books of the Dead ๐๐๐๐ป๐ ๐๐๐ฒ๐ณ๐บ๐ผ๐บ are written in! Hieratic is pretty much short-hand hieroglyphs ๐น๐๐ช! I really want to learn Hieratic, and itโs one of my long term goals, but there are a lack of books on the subject which has hindered me from learning!
Letโs break down the following text: ๐น๐๐ค๐ญ๐๐ค
๐น๐ – It Is
๐ค – Perfect/Beautiful
๐ญ – God
๐๐ค – True of Voice/Justified
All together the text reads: โIt is ๐น๐ the perfect god ๐ค๐ญ, true of voice ๐๐คโฆโ
The phrase โIt isโ can be written as ๐น๐ or ๐น๐๐ – both are grammatically correct, itโs just spacing that can become an issue which is why sometimes only one โ๐โ appears!
Letโs break down each of the symbols individually!
The โhare ๐นโ is normally used as a biliteral phonogram. The ๐น represents the sounds โwn.โ
The โripple of water ๐โ is a uniliteral phonogram. The โ๐โ is associated with the sound of โn!โ
The โheart and windpipe ๐คโ symbol is a triliteral phonogram that represents the sound โnfrโ which in modern times we pronounce like โnefer.โ
The โseated god ๐ญโ symbol is a determinative for the word โGodโ or โKing.โ
The โplatform ๐โ symbol is a triliteral phonogram which represents the sound โm3หโ which would be pronounced like โmah.โ
The โoar ๐คโ symbol is a triliteral phonogram and represents the sound โแธซrw.โ
The Weighing of the Heart (sometimes called the Judgement of Osiris ๐ฉ๐น) is my absolute favorite part of the Book of the Dead ๐๐๐๐ป๐ ๐๐๐ฒ๐ณ๐บ๐ผ๐บ. I love how each version is unique and not a single one is the same! I find this particular papyrus ๐ ๐๐๐ to be absolutely stunning.ย
In ancient Egypt ๐๐ ๐๐, the Book of the Dead was actually called โComing Forth By Day ๐๐๐๐ป๐ ๐๐๐ฒ๐ณ๐บ๐ผ๐บ,โ and it was a collection of magic spells ๐๐๐๐ฆ to help the deceased enter the Duat ๐ผ๐ฟ๐๐, and eventually the Field of Reeds ๐๐๐ ๐๐ฟ๐๐ ฑ๐ฐ๐.ย
The Book of the Dead ๐๐๐๐ป๐ ๐๐๐ฒ๐ณ๐บ๐ผ๐บ is interesting because it doesn’t follow a particular story.ย The spells ๐๐๐๐ฆ do seem to be grouped by theme, and sometimes pictures ๐๐ ฑ๐๐ฆ can be representative of the spells ๐๐๐๐ฆ that are written!ย
This particular Book of the Dead ๐๐๐๐ป๐ ๐๐๐ฒ๐ณ๐บ๐ผ๐บ belonged to a woman ๐๐๐๐๐ named Nauny ๐๐ฟ๐๐๐ who lived during the 21st Dynasty reign of the pharaoh ๐๐ป Psusennes I ๐๐ ๐๐ป๐ ฎ๐ผ๐๐๐. Naunyโs ๐๐ฟ๐๐๐ ushabtis ๐ ฑ๐๐๐๐ญ๐พ๐ช are also at the MET!ย
Isis (left) and Nauny (right)
Starting from the left: the goddess ๐น๐ Isis ๐จ๐๐ฅ is shown next to Nauny ๐๐ฟ๐๐๐, who is shown holding her eyes ๐น๐น and mouth ๐ in her hands. Naunyโs ๐๐ฟ๐๐๐ heart ๐๐๐ฃ is weighed by Anubis ๐๐๐ช๐ ฑ๐ฃ against Maat ๐ฆ. Usually, Maatโs ๐ฆ feather ๐๐บ is used, but this time Maat ๐ฆ herself is shown on the scale, and is represented by the hieroglyph ๐น๐ that is used in her name ๐๐! Thoth ๐ ๐๐ญ๐ญ is shown on top of the scale, and his job is to record the findings. Osiris ๐ฉ๐น presides over the scene.ย
Anubis
Luckily for Nauny ๐๐ฟ๐๐๐, the scales are in balance which means that she lead a true ๐๐ด๐ฃ๐๐ and just ๐๐ด๐ฃ๐๐๐ life ๐น and is worthy enough to enter the Field of Reeds ๐๐๐ ๐๐ฟ๐๐ ฑ๐ฐ๐ and enjoy eternal ๐ life ๐น with Osiris ๐ฉ๐น! Above the Weighing of the Heart scene, Nauny ๐๐ฟ๐๐๐ is seen standing by her own tomb ๐๐ซ๐๐ and worshipping ๐ผ๐ฟ๐ข Horus ๐ ๐ญ.ย
This book was essential to me learning hieroglyphics ๐น๐๐ช as a child. My Nonno gave me this book – it was his long before it was mine. I loved the cover because Anubis ๐๐๐ช๐ ฑ๐ข was on it (and he’s my favorite), but what I didn’t know was how much this book was going to teach me.
I will be very honest – I never sat down and intensely studied Egyptian grammar. I never really learned too much Coptic either. I used this book to learn the relationships between symbols and Egyptian words/phrases and it kind of just โclickedโ for me. The Book of the Dead is very repetitive, which is very helpful when learning. I also have many other books on reading hieroglyphics ๐น๐๐ช which were extremely helpful, but this book was probably the best one.
In my opinion, you can sit down and study vocabulary all you want, but unless you are actively engaging in the material and reading real Egyptian texts, you aren’t going to learn. I still use this book as a reference very often!
I also have a book ๐ ๐๐๐ that is the complete Papyrus of Ani ๐ฟ๐๐ผ๐๐ in pictures ๐๐ ฑ๐, and I would use both books side by side so I could actually see the real papyrus ๐ ๐๐๐ as I was reading and learning the symbols.
If you want to learn hieroglyphics ๐น๐๐ช, diving right into Egyptian religious text is the best way to do it (in my opinion – remember, I am completely self taught)!
This video shows my honest opinions! However, I am an Amazon Associate and if you use my links to purchase the books I recommended, I will earn a small commission. This helps me keep my website and educational materials free for everyone!
Today ๐๐๐๐ณ, we are going to look at some writing in the Book of the Dead (known to the Egyptians ๐๐๐๐๐ช as the Book of Coming Forth By Day). This Book of the Dead belonged to a man named Imhotep ๐๐ ๐ต๐๐ช, who was a priest ๐น๐ of Horus ๐ ๐ญ. He lived during the early Ptolemaic Period (between 332-200 B.C.E.). This Book of the Dead is at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in NYC.
This inscription is about the god ๐น/๐ญ Osiris ๐น๐จ๐ญ! Letโs just jump right into it – some of these words are vocabulary we have gone over previously (or variants of the words), so see if you can recognize the words or phrases before reading the translation!
Since the symbols point to the right, we are going to start reading from the top of the right column! Hieroglyphs ๐น๐๐ช are always read from top to bottom no matter what!
๐๐๐๐น๐จ๐ญ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ โWords Spoken By ๐๐๐ Osiris ๐น๐จ๐ญ, Foremost of ๐๐๐๐ the West ๐๐๐๐โฆโ
๐น๐๐ค๐ญ๐๐ค๐๐๐๐๐ โIt is ๐น๐ the perfect god ๐ค๐ญ, true of voice ๐๐ค, Lord ๐ of Abydos ๐๐๐๐โฆโ
๐๐๐ณ๐๐พ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ญ โLord ๐ of Eternity ๐๐ณ๐, Ruler ๐พ๐๐ of His Own ๐๐๐, King ๐๐๐๐ญ.โ
This copy of the Book of the Dead (known to the Egyptians as the Book of Coming Forth By Day) belonged to a priest ๐น๐ of Horus ๐ ๐ญ named Imhotep ๐๐ ๐ต๐๐ช! Imhotep ๐๐ ๐ต๐๐ช, Priest ๐น๐ of Horus ๐ ๐ญ, lived during the early Ptolemaic Period (between 332-200 B.C.E.) Fun fact: the word priest ๐น๐ actually translates to โgodโs servantโ!!!
Now, this is definitely not that Imhotep from “The Mummy” (1999), however, this is still a funny coincidence! I always get a laugh when I see this in the museum! The Book of the Dead was created for Imhotep ๐๐ ๐ต๐๐ช so he could have a successful journey into the afterlife ๐ผ๐ฟ๐๐. The spells on the papyrus ๐ ๐๐๐ were also meant to ensure his safety and well-being in the duat ๐ผ๐ฟ๐๐(realm of the dead).
The Book of the Dead is interesting because it doesn’t follow a particular story. The spells do seem to be grouped by theme, and sometimes pictures ๐๐ ฑ๐๐ฆ can be representative of the spells as well. The scene shown here is the Weighing of the Heart, in which the deceasedโs heart ๐๐๐ฃ was weighed against Maatโs ๐๐ด๐ฃ๐๐ฆ feather. More details on that scene later in the post!
Imhotep’s version of the Book of the Dead is complete, and is over 70 feet long!
This page illustrates spell 110, which gives Imhotep ๐๐ ๐ต๐๐ช the ability to enjoy various earthly activities. This takes place in the Field of Reeds, which is also known as The Field of Offerings. Imhotep ๐๐ ๐ต๐๐ช is actually seen doing work in the field ๐๐๐ – he can be seen using a scythe to harvest grain, plowing the field, and doing other various activities. In the top left, there are hieroglyphs โ๐น๐๐๐๐ฟ๐๐๐๐ญ๐โ that translate to “it is he in the Field of Offerings.โ The Field of Reeds could also be written as ๐๐๐ ๐๐ฟ๐๐ ฑ๐ฐ๐
I have provided some close up images of some of the aspects of the image that I mentioned in the caption above!
Let’s take a look at some other portions of the Book of the Dead!
I only have the drawings in this photograph, but to the left of the images would be the Hieratic script which would spell out the Sun Hymns. The Sun Hymns would allow Imhotep ๐๐ ๐ต๐๐ช to be turned into a spirit and join the Khepri ๐ฃ๐๐๐ in the daily cycle of death and rebirth (rising and setting of the sun). During the night ๐ผ๐๐๐, Imhotep ๐๐ ๐ต๐๐ช would travel through the Duat ๐ผ๐ฟ๐๐ underworld/netherworld) and be born again the next morning in the form of ba ๐ ก๐บ (individual’s soul that was depicted as a human headed bird).
The top image ๐๐ ฑ๐ shows the goddesses ๐น๐น๐น๐ Isis ๐จ๐๐ฅ and Nephytys ๐ ๐๐ attending to the sun god Khepri ๐ฃ๐๐๐, who is in the form of a scarab ๐ฃ. The middle image ๐๐ ฑ๐ shows the sun ๐ณ๐บ in human form and is attended by two ๐ป ba ๐ ก๐บ and baboons. The bottom image ๐๐ ฑ๐ shows Imhotep ๐๐ ๐ต๐๐ช and his wife* receiving offerings.
*Since Imhotepโs ๐๐ ๐ต๐๐ช mother ๐ ๐๐ is mentioned a lot throughout his Book of the Dead, many people think that the woman who always accompanies Imhotep in the images ๐๐ ฑ๐๐ฆ is his mother ๐ ๐๐ and not his wife!
Fun fact! The words for โnight ๐ผ๐๐๐โ and โend ๐ผ๐๐๐๐โ were very similar in hieroglyphs ๐น๐๐ช!!!
Now on to my favorite scene from the Book of the Dead (in more detail)!
While I have already posted a pic of the Weighing of the Heart, I wanted to post some alternative angles because this series of images is my absolute favorite – no matter whos Book of the Dead it is from!
Here, Anubis ๐๐๐ช๐ ฑ๐ข weighs the heart ๐๐๐ฃ of the deceased ๐ ๐๐ฑ against Maatโs ๐ด๐๐ฃ๐๐ฆ feather. If Anubis determines thereโs balance between the two, then the deceased would be presented to Osiris ๐น๐จ ๐ญ by Horus ๐ ๐ญ. Thoth ๐ ค๐ญ records the findings. Ammit waits to eat the heart if itโs unworthy!
Here we can see that Imhotepโs ๐๐ ๐ต๐๐ช heart ๐๐๐ฃ is balanced against the feather! There are some really cool images in this particular scene – instead of just being a feather on the scale, it is the hieroglyph determinative for Maat (๐ง). Also, in the last picture, Imhotep ๐๐ ๐ต๐๐ช is accompanied by a feather with a human body! This is probably a representation of Maat ๐ด๐๐ฃ๐๐ฆ, though she is usually depicted as a woman with a feather on her head and rarely as just a human body with a feather.
This is the last picture I have from Imhotep’s ๐๐ ๐ต๐๐ช Book of the Dead. Due to the way that the papyri ๐ ๐๐๐๐ฆ are displayed at the MET, it can be very difficult to get clear pictures ๐๐ ฑ๐๐ฅ. I’m happy that I went back through my pictures ๐๐ ฑ๐๐ฅ because I had taken some better ones than I initially thought!
In this image, you can see some of the hieratic script that the Book of the Dead is written in – don’t ask me to translate, because I can’t read hieratic! I can only read hieroglyphs ๐น๐๐ช! I would love to learn hieratic though! Some of the hieratic is in black ink while some of it is in red. The red ink seems to symbolize either the beginning or the end ๐ผ๐๐๐๐ of a spell, or it could highlight a word for a noun that was considered “bad” in Egyptian culture. However, sometimes even “offering table” could have been written/drawn in red and offering tables were not bad at all! So, some of the red ink seems kinda random.
Imhotep ๐๐ ๐ต๐๐ช is seen here with Anubis ๐๐๐ช๐ ฑ๐ฃ, who is seated on top of a shrine. As you all know, Anubis ๐๐๐ช๐ ฑ๐ฃ is my favorite Egyptian god (he is the god of mummification and cemeteries) so I was very excited to see I got an image ๐๐ ฑ๐ with Anubis ๐๐๐ช๐ ฑ๐ฃ! I like this image ๐๐ ฑ๐ because it reminds me of the Anubis ๐๐๐ช๐ ฑ๐ฃ shrine that was found in Tutankhamun’s ๐๐ ๐๐๐ ฑ๐๐น๐พ๐บ๐ tomb – that is one of my absolute favorite pieces of all time! The drawing is also like the hieroglyph determinative โ๐ฃโ for Anubis!
Is this a beautiful womanย ๐ค๐๐๐๐ย or a cowย ๐ค๐๐๐๐?! The answer is both because this image ๐๐ ฑ๐ from The Book of the Dead of Imhotep (at the MET) is of the goddess ๐น๐ Hathor ๐ก in her cowย ๐ค๐๐๐๐ย form!
Hathor ๐ก is one of the most prominent goddesses ๐น๐น๐น๐ of the Egyptian pantheon, and her roles evolved over time. Along with Isis ๐จ๐๐ฅ, she is regarded as the โdivine motherโ of the pharaoh ๐๐ป, but is also the goddess ๐น๐ of love, joy ๐ซ๐๐ฃ, music ๐๐๐ธ (she was often depicted on sistrums ๐๐๐๐๐ฃ๐ช), and dance – basically the fun things in life ๐น! Hathor is also mentioned as the the wife ๐๐๐ of Horus ๐ ๐ญ, and the daughter ๐ ญ๐of Ra ๐ณ๐บ๐, though through times some of these relations have changed/evolved.
The name ๐๐ โHathor ๐กโ in Middle Egyptian translates to โHouse of Horusโ which links Hathor ๐ก to the sky ๐ช๐๐ฏ (because the sky ๐ช๐๐ฏ is where Horus ๐ ๐ญ dwells). Absorbing the roles of pre-dynastic deities, Hathor was associated with both the night ๐ผ๐๐๐ sky ๐ช๐๐ฏ and the Milky Way Galaxy ๐๐ด๐๐๐.
Another function that Hathor ๐ก possessed that not many are aware of was that she was also a prominent funerary goddess ๐น๐! One of her roles was to provide peace and solace to the souls ๐๐๐ of the deceased ๐ ๐๐ฑ as they entered the afterlife ๐ผ๐ฟ๐๐. She was referred to as โMistress of the West,โ and could be found welcoming the dead ๐ ๐๐ฑ with fresh water ๐. She also earned the title โLady of the Sycamore,โ and was also seen as a tree ๐ญ๐ ๐ญ goddess ๐น๐.
Nehebukau ๐ ๐๐๐ด๐๐ฆ is an Egyptian snake god ๐น whose name ๐๐ means โhe who harnesses the spiritsโ and was he considered to be a helpful deity! ย Nehebukau ๐ ๐๐๐ด๐๐ฆ is usually depicted as a snakeย ๐๐๐๐๐ย with human legs, and as a kid I always got a kick out of this!!ย
Nehebukau ๐ ๐๐๐ด๐๐ฆ was a very popular god ๐น to see represented on amulets ๐๐ช๐ ๐ช worn by the living (especially New Kingdom and later) because amulets ๐๐ช๐ ๐ช of Nehebukau ๐ ๐๐๐ด๐๐ฆ were thought to protect ๐ ๐๐ก๐ the wearer from snake ๐๐๐๐๐ bites!
Nehebukau ๐ ๐๐๐ด๐๐ฆ was thought to be the god ๐น that announced the new pharaoh ๐๐ป to the other gods ๐น๐น๐น at the beginning of his/her rule ๐พ. When the pharaoh ๐๐ป died, it was Nehebukauโs ๐ ๐๐๐ด๐๐ฆ job to protect ๐ ๐๐ก๐ and feed the pharaoh ๐๐ป or other deceased ๐ ๐๐ฑ person. The drink that the deceased ๐ ๐๐ฑ would be fed was called โThe Milk of Light,โ and it would protect ๐ ๐๐ก๐ against bites from poisonous animals. Nehebukau ๐ ๐๐๐ด๐๐ฆ was one of the forty-two gods ๐น๐น๐น who helped judge the deceased ๐ ๐๐ฑ in the Hall of Maat ๐๐ด๐ฃ๐๐ฆ.
Nehebukau ๐ ๐๐๐ด๐๐ฆ had no cult or priesthood associated with him because most would use magical ๐๐๐ฟ๐ spells ๐๐๐๐ฆ to invoke his protection ๐ ๐๐ก๐.
This is another closeup image ๐๐ ฑ๐ from Imhotep’s ๐๐ ๐ต๐๐ช Book of the Dead (Early Ptolemaic Period) at the MET.
This is another closeup image ๐๐ ฑ๐ from Imhotep’s ๐๐ ๐ต๐๐ช Book of the Dead (Early Ptolemaic Period) at the MET. While this image ๐๐ ฑ๐ is not part of an inscription ๐๐๐ฅ, this is my favorite hieroglyph ๐น๐; Anubis ๐๐๐ช๐ ฑ๐ฃ on top of a shrine ๐๐๐ ๐๐!ย
As many of you know, Anubis ๐๐๐ช๐ ฑ๐ฃ is my favorite Egyptian god ๐น and he always has been! I get so excited whenever I see Anubis ๐๐๐ช๐ ฑ๐ฃ in any form of Egyptian art!
There are two ๐ป variations of this particular hieroglyph ๐น๐: ๐ฃ and ๐ค. Both can be used pretty much interchangeably and it was mostly style/aesthetics that determined which one was used in inscriptions ๐๐๐ฅ.
Anubis ๐๐๐ช๐ ฑ๐ฃ can be written a bunch of different ways in hieroglyphs ๐น๐๐ช:
๐๐๐ช๐ ฑ๐ข
๐๐๐ช๐ ฑ๐ฃ or ๐๐๐ช๐ ฑ๐ค
๐๐๐ช๐ฃ or ๐๐๐ช๐ค
๐ฃ or ๐ค
๐ข
Once again, style/aesthetics determined which variation was used in inscriptions ๐๐๐ฅ. This is not all of the variations of the name ๐๐, but the ones you will see the most!
Anubis ๐๐๐ช๐ ฑ๐ฃ is commonly associated with shrines, because he is a god ๐น that is associated with themes surrounding death ๐ ๐๐ฑ (mummification, places of burial).
While the word in Middle Egyptian for shrine is ๐๐๐ ๐๐, shrines associated with Anubis ๐๐๐ช๐ ฑ๐ฃ had their own word! A shrine associated with Anubis ๐๐๐ช๐ ฑ๐ฃ was called ๐ฑ๐น, or the โGodโs Booth.โ
One of Anubisโ ๐๐๐ช๐ ฑ๐ฃ titles that commonly appears after his name ๐๐ in hieroglyphs ๐น๐๐ช is: ๐ ๐น๐ฑ or โIn front at the Godโs Booth.โ
Mummiform Coffin of Gautseshenu which contains the Weighing of the Heart and other funerary scenes at the Brooklyn Museum.
The Weighing of the Heart scene from the Book of the Dead is my absolute favorite type of religious art from ancient Egypt ๐๐ ๐๐. As a kid, I loved it because Anubis ๐๐๐ช๐ ฑ๐ข was the central god ๐น in the scene, and Anubis ๐๐๐ช๐ ฑ๐ข is my favorite Egyptian god ๐น . As an adult, I love what the scene represents and the symbolism behind it. While I have posted multiple versions of this scene from various Books of the Dead, this is the first time I saw it on a coffin and I was just in awe. Itโs amazing how well preserved it is and how bright the colors are.
For those unfamiliar with the context of the scene, Anubis ๐๐๐ช๐ ฑ๐ข weighs the heart ๐๐๐ฃ of the deceased ๐ ๐๐ฑ against Maatโs ๐ด๐๐ฃ๐๐ฆ feather. If Anubis determines thereโs balance between the two, then the deceased would be presented to Osiris ๐น๐จ ๐ญ by Horus ๐ ๐ญ. This simplified version of the scene is missing Thoth ๐ ค๐ญ and Amemet.
If youโre looking at the coffin ๐ ฑ๐๐พ from the front, you can see Khepri ๐ฃ๐๐๐(the winged beetle) and the Four Sons of Horus beneath him. I feel like this coffin ๐ ฑ๐๐พ is the Sparks Notes version of the Book of the Dead – it kinda gives you some of the most important parts in a very small amount of space!
This coffin ๐ ฑ๐๐พ belonged to man named Gautseshenu and is made of cartonnage (ancient paper mache). It is dated to the 25th Dynasty (Third Intermediate Period). It was found in Thebes ๐๐๐.
This special amuletย ๐๐ช๐ ย is known as a Heart Scarab! This particular Heart Scarab belonged to Hatneferย ๐๐ค๐, who was the motherย ๐ ๐๐ย of Senemutย ๐ข๐๐ ๐ผ! Senemutย ๐ข๐๐ ๐ผย was Hatshepsutโsย ๐๐ ๐๐น๐๐๐๐ผ๐ชย most trusted advisor (amongst other things ๐)!ย
Heart Scarab of Hatnefer at the MET
In ancient Egyptian culture, the heart ๐๐๐ฃ was not only the center of a personโs life ๐น, but also thinking, memory, and moral values. The heart ๐๐๐ฃ was not removed during the mummification process, because the deceased ๐ ๐๐ฑ person would need it on their journey through the afterlife ๐ผ๐ฟ๐๐. The personโs heart ๐๐๐ฃ would be weighed against Maatโs ๐๐ด๐ฃ๐๐ฆ feather ๐๐บ by Anubis ๐๐๐ช๐ ฑ๐ฃ, and that would determine if the deceased ๐ ๐๐ฑ would be presented to Osiris ๐น๐จ๐ญ and then enter the Field of Reeds ๐๐๐ ๐๐ฟ๐๐ ฑ๐ฐ๐, or eternal ๐ life ๐น. This was called the โWeighing of the Heart,โ and it is something I have written extensively about!
So how does the Heart Scarab play into this? In modern terms, the Heart Scarab could be seen as a โcheat codeโ for getting past the โWeighing of the Heartโ – this special scarab ๐๐ช๐๐๐ฃ is inscribed ๐๐ ฑ๐ with Chapter 30A from the Book of the Dead (most are inscribed with Chapter 30B). In this spell, the deceased ๐ ๐๐ฑ asks their own heart ๐๐๐ฃ to not betray them during the โWeighing of the Heart.โ
Basically, the ancient Egyptians ๐๐๐๐๐ช feared the outcome of their final judgement so they developed this amulet ๐๐ช๐ as a way to ensure a positive outcome to the scales!
Here is an excerpt from Chapter 30A: โ Do not stand against me as witness beside the lords of the ritual, Do not say against me, he did do it, about my actions, Do not make a case against me beside the great god, Hail my heart, Hail my heartโฆโ
