Tag: amun

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Egyptian Artifacts

Statue of Amun and Horemheb

This is a limestone π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“ˆ™π“Œ‰ statue 𓏏𓅱𓏏𓀾 of the god π“ŠΉ Amun π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“€­ with the pharaoh 𓉐𓉻 Horemheb π“‡³π“‚¦π“†£π“Όπ“‡³π“‰π“ˆ–. This picture 𓏏𓅱𓏏 is special because my Nonno took it at the Museo Egizio in Torino, Italy.

Amun and Horemheb
Statue of Amun (left) and the pharaoh Horemheb (right) at the Museo Egizio in Torino, Italy

Horemheb π“‡³π“‚¦π“†£π“Όπ“‡³π“‰π“ˆ– was the final pharaoh 𓉐𓉻 of the 18th Dynasty, having taken over the throne from Ay 𓇳𓆣𓆣π“ͺ𓁹𓐙𓏏. Before he was pharaoh 𓉐𓉻, Horemheb π“‡³π“‚¦π“†£π“Όπ“‡³π“‰π“ˆ– was the commander of the army for the pharaoh 𓉐𓉻 Tutankhamun π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“π“…±π“π“‹Ήπ“‹Ύπ“‰Ίπ“‡“. He continued the restoration of traditional Egyptian religious practices that Tutankhamun π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“π“…±π“π“‹Ήπ“‹Ύπ“‰Ίπ“‡“ began, and he also usurped a lot of monuments from both Ay 𓇳𓆣𓆣π“ͺ𓁹𓐙𓏏 and Tutankhamun π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“π“…±π“π“‹Ήπ“‹Ύπ“‰Ίπ“‡“. 

Let’s take a closer look at the statue 𓏏𓅱𓏏𓀾! The god π“ŠΉ Amun π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“€­ (left) is depicted larger than Horemheb π“‡³π“‚¦π“†£π“Όπ“‡³π“‰π“ˆ– (right) because the only person more important than the pharaoh 𓉐𓉻 himself was another god π“ŠΉ! 

Amun and Horemheb
A closer view of the hieroglyphic inscription that appears on either side of Amun’s throne on the statue.

Let’s read some hieroglyphs π“ŠΉπ“Œƒπ“ͺ! We are going to start on the left side of Amun’s throne!Β 

π“ŠΉπ“„€ – The Perfect God 

π“ŽŸπ“‡Ώπ“‡Ώ – Lord of the Two Lands

π“‡³π“‚¦π“†£π“Όπ“‡³π“‰π“ˆ– – Horemheb (Throne Name – The sacred one of the manifestations of Ra, chosen of Ra)

π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“‡³π“Ί – Amun-Ra

π“ŒΊπ“‡Œ – Beloved

𓏙𓋹- Given Life

So all π“ŽŸ together π“ˆ–π“Š— the inscription π“Ž˜π“…±π“Ž– reads: “The Perfect God, Lord of the Two Lands, Horemheb, Beloved of Amun-Ra, Given Life.”

Now let’s look at the left side of the throne: 

𓅭𓇳 – Son of Ra

π“ŽŸπ“ˆπ“₯ – Lord of Appearances 

π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“ŒΊπ“„Ώπ“‹”π“π“Ž± – Horemheb (Birth Name – Horus in Jubilation, whom Amun has loved)

π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“‡³π“Ί – Amun-Ra

π“ŒΊπ“‡Œ – Beloved

𓏙𓋹- Given Life

So all π“ŽŸ together π“ˆ–π“Š— the inscription π“Ž˜π“…±π“Ž– reads: “Son of Ra, Lord of Appearances, Horemheb, Beloved of Amun-Ra, Given Life.”

While the last part of the inscription π“Ž˜π“…±π“Ž– is the same on either side of the throne, the titles are different because of Horemheb’s birth name versus the throne name! Different titles in the hieroglyphs π“ŠΉπ“Œƒπ“ͺ are associated with each name π“‚‹π“ˆ–!

Notice how the hieroglyphs π“ŠΉπ“Œƒπ“ͺ are mirrored on either side of the throne! This makes it so all of the hieroglyphs π“ŠΉπ“Œƒπ“ͺ are facing Amun’s π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“€­ legs! The ancient Egyptians loved to have symmetry in their art!

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Egyptian Artifacts

Tutankhamun and Amun

This diorite π“ π“ˆ–π“π“π“ŠŒ statue 𓏏𓅱𓏏𓀾 portrays Tutankhamun π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“π“…±π“π“‹Ήπ“‹Ύπ“‰Ίπ“‡“ and the god π“ŠΉ Amun π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–. Tutankhamun π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“π“…±π“π“‹Ήπ“‹Ύπ“‰Ίπ“‡“ is credited with restoring the Cult of Amun π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–, after it was eradicated by his father Akhenaten π“‡‹π“π“ˆ–π“‡³π“…œπ“π“ˆ– in order to solely worship the sun 𓇳𓏺 god π“ŠΉ Aten π“‡‹π“π“ˆ–π“‡³.Β 

This statue 𓏏𓅱𓏏𓀾 is very interesting because it displays Amun π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ– very large, while Tutankhamun π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“π“…±π“π“‹Ήπ“‹Ύπ“‰Ίπ“‡“ is very small π“ˆ–π“†“π“‹΄π“…©. Since the pharaoh 𓉐𓉻 was considered a god π“ŠΉ on Earth 𓇾𓇾, they were usually depicted as large, intimidating, and regal figures. However, the pharaohs 𓉐𓉻π“ͺ were second to the gods π“ŠΉπ“ŠΉπ“ŠΉ themselves – especially Amun π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ– who was the king 𓇓 of the gods π“ŠΉπ“ŠΉπ“ŠΉ. So in the presence of Amun π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–, the pharaoh 𓉐𓉻 is very small π“ˆ–π“†“π“‹΄π“…©. 

The statue 𓏏𓅱𓏏𓀾 has sustained damage, most notable is the fact that Tutankhamun’s π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“π“…±π“π“‹Ήπ“‹Ύπ“‰Ίπ“‡“ head is missing. This is because this era of the 18th Dynasty was supposed to be β€˜forgotten’ by history. The pharaohs 𓉐𓉻π“ͺ that came after Tutankhamun π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“π“…±π“π“‹Ήπ“‹Ύπ“‰Ίπ“‡“ tried to erase all evidence of the Amarna era. Tutankhamun π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“π“…±π“π“‹Ήπ“‹Ύπ“‰Ίπ“‡“ fell victim to this as well, even though he restored the traditional Egyptian pantheon. It was due to his familial relation to Akhenaten π“‡‹π“π“ˆ–π“‡³π“…œπ“π“ˆ– that he was also subjected to having his images 𓏏𓅱𓏏𓏦 destroyed.Β 

A lot of Tutankhamun’s π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“π“…±π“π“‹Ήπ“‹Ύπ“‰Ίπ“‡“ images 𓏏𓅱𓏏𓏦 and statues 𓏏𓅱𓏏𓀾𓏦 were usurped by the pharaoh 𓉐𓉻 Horemheb π“‡³π“‚¦π“†£π“Όπ“‡³π“‰π“ˆ–, who was not only Tutankhamun’s π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“π“…±π“π“‹Ήπ“‹Ύπ“‰Ίπ“‡“ general π“€Žπ“¦, but was the last pharaoh 𓉐𓉻 of the 18th Dynasty. 

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Egyptian Artifacts

Gold Statuette of Amun

This gold π“‹žπ“ƒ‰π“ƒ‰π“ƒ‰ statuette 𓏏𓅱𓏏𓀾 of the god π“ŠΉ Amun π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“€­ is so beautiful π“„€ to see in person! In the picture 𓏏𓅱𓏏 the statue 𓏏𓅱𓏏𓀾 looks large but it is only about 7 inches (~18cm) tall! This statue is dated to the 22nd Dynasty (c. 945–712 B.C.E.). While the artistic features of the statue 𓏏𓅱𓏏𓀾 definitely reflect this Third Intermediate Period, there are some callbacks to the 18th Dynasty artistic styles (the facial features in particular).Β 

This solid gold π“‹žπ“ƒ‰π“ƒ‰π“ƒ‰ statue 𓏏𓅱𓏏𓀾 is a very rare example of the statues 𓏏𓅱𓏏𓀾π“ͺ that filled the sanctuaries of the temples π“‰Ÿπ“π“‰. There is a trace of a loop on Amun’s π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“€­ crown, which means that this statuette 𓏏𓅱𓏏𓀾 could have been worn by a priest π“ŠΉπ“› or by another statue 𓏏𓅱𓏏𓀾. Or, the statue 𓏏𓅱𓏏𓀾 could have been mounted on top of a scepter or standard. The exact use is speculation right now! The color of gold π“‹žπ“ƒ‰π“ƒ‰π“ƒ‰ was often associated with the sun 𓆄𓅱𓇢, and the skin of the gods π“ŠΉπ“ŠΉπ“ŠΉ were thought to be made of gold π“‹žπ“ƒ‰π“ƒ‰π“ƒ‰. 

Amun π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“€­ is depicted with his flat topped crown, with the characteristic feathers 𓆄𓆄𓆄 having been lost in antiquity. He is wearing the false beard, and is carrying the Ankh π“‹Ή, a symbol of life π“‹Ήπ“ˆ–π“, in his hand. In the other hand he carries a scimitar π“Œ›π“Ί, which in temple reliefs, Amun π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“€­ is usually seen presenting to the pharaoh 𓉐𓉻. This gift of a scimitar π“Œ›π“Ί is usually meant to ensure military victories!

The god π“ŠΉ Amun π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“€­ gained popularity during the Middle Kingdom, however, it was during the New Kingdom (18th Dynasty in particular) that Amun π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“€­ became the most important/most prominent god π“ŠΉ in the Egyptian pantheon. Amun π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“€­ had many different roles and was worshipped 𓇼𓄿𓀒 as a creator god, solar god, fertility god, warrior god, and king of the gods. Amun’s π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“€­ is also considered the β€œuniversal god” meaning that his power permeated the cosmos and all that the cosmos contained! 

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Egyptian Artifacts

Pharaoh Horemheb with the God Amun

My Nonno took this picture!! This is a statue of the Pharaoh Horemheb π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“ŒΊπ“„Ώπ“‹”π“π“Ž± with the god π“ŠΉ Amun π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–. Amun π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ– is pictured as larger than the pharaoh 𓉐𓉻. The gods π“ŠΉπ“ŠΉπ“ŠΉ were always depicted bigger to symbolize the fact that they were more important than the pharaoh 𓉐𓉻. The only being a pharaoh 𓉐𓉻 ever bowed to was a god, since the pharaohs themselves were gods π“ŠΉπ“ŠΉπ“ŠΉ on Earth.

Amun π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ– was the King of the Gods (kind of like Zeus). As early as the 11th Dynasty, Amun π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ– was the patron god π“ŠΉ of Thebes. At the start of the 18th Dynasty, the god π“ŠΉ Amun π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ– gained great national importance in the pantheon and this is illustrated with Amun’s fusion with the sun god Ra (Amun-Ra π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“Ίπ“‡³).

Let’s read some hieroglyphs π“ŠΉπ“Œƒπ“ͺ!Β 

On the left side of the statue, the hieroglyphs π“ŠΉπ“Œƒπ“ͺ read: π“„€π“ŠΉ π“ŽŸπ“‡Ώπ“‡Ώ(π“‡³π“‚¦π“†£π“Όπ“‡³π“‰π“ˆ–)π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“Ίπ“‡³ π“Œ»π“‡Œπ“™π“‹Ή – this translates to: β€œThe great god, lord of the two lands, Djeser Kheperu Re, beloved of Amun-Ra, given life.”

While on the right side, the hieroglyphs π“ŠΉπ“Œƒπ“ͺ read: 𓅭𓇳 π“ŽŸπ“ˆπ“₯(π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“ŒΊπ“„Ώπ“‹”π“π“Ž±) π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“Ίπ“‡³ π“Œ»π“‡Œπ“™π“‹Ή -this translates to: β€œSon of Ra, lord of appearances, Horemheb, beloved of Amun-Ra, given life.”

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Egyptian Artifacts

Bronze Statues of Hathor, Amun and Osiris

My Nonno always loved theΒ bronzeΒ π“ˆ”π“€π“ˆ’π“¦Β statuesΒ π“„šπ“ˆ–π“π“­π“€Ύπ“ͺ of the gods π“ŠΉπ“ŠΉπ“ŠΉ and goddesses π“ŠΉπ“ŠΉπ“ŠΉπ“! Bronze π“ˆ”π“€π“ˆ’π“¦ statuary π“„šπ“ˆ–π“π“­π“€Ύ became very popular starting around the Third Intermediate Period (26th Dynasty), and became very abundant in the Ptolemaic Period.

In this display at the Louvre, Hathor 𓉑, AmunΒ π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“€­, and OsirisΒ π“Ήπ“Š¨π“€­Β are shown!Β 

Hathor 𓉑 is one of the most prominent goddesses π“ŠΉπ“ŠΉπ“ŠΉπ“ of the Egyptian pantheon. Along with Isis π“Š¨π“π“₯, she is regarded as the β€œdivine mother” of the pharaoh 𓉐𓉻, but is also the goddess π“ŠΉπ“ of love, joy, music, and dance – basically the fun things in life! Hathor is also the wife of Horus π“…ƒπ“€­, and the daughter of Ra 𓇳𓏺𓁛. Hathor 𓉑 is usually associated with cows 𓄀𓆑𓂋𓏏𓃒𓏦 and can take the form of a cow 𓄀𓆑𓂋𓏏𓃒 in many forms of Egyptian art.

Amun π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“€­ is also considered to be one of the most important gods π“ŠΉπ“ŠΉπ“ŠΉ in the Egyptian pantheon and was first mentioned in the Pyramid Texts. Amun π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“€­ had many different roles and was worshipped 𓇼𓄿𓀒 as a creator god, solar god, fertility god, warrior god, and king of the gods. Amun’s π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“€­ is also considered the β€œuniversal god” meaning that his power permeated the cosmos and all that the cosmos contained! 

Osiris π“Ήπ“Š¨π“€­ was one of the main figures of Egyptian religion.  This is because Osiris π“Ήπ“Š¨π“€­ was the god π“ŠΉ of the dead 𓅓𓏏𓏱 and the ruler of the afterlife 𓇼𓄿𓏏𓉐, and Egyptians spent their entire time living preparing for their death 𓅓𓏏𓏱 and meeting with Osiris π“Ήπ“Š¨π“€­.  When the pharaoh 𓉐𓉻 was alive, he was thought to be the living image 𓏏𓅱𓏏𓋹 of the God π“ŠΉ Horus π“…ƒπ“€­, but more importantly when the pharaoh 𓉐𓉻 died, he was thought to then become an Osiris-like figure. 

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Egyptian Artifacts Reading Hieroglyphs

Sandstone Relief of the God’s Wife of Amun Making an Offering to Amun-Ra

This sandstone π“‚‹π“…±π“‚§π“π“Œ—π“ˆ™ relief is dated to the Third Intermediate Period (Dynasty 25, c. 710-670 B.C.E.) and is most likely from Karnak. It depicts the God’s Wife of Amun, named Amunirdis I, making an offering π“Š΅π“π“Šͺ𓏏𓏔𓏦 of Maat π“™π“Œ΄π“‚£π“π“¦ to Amun-Ra π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“‡³π“Ί. Standing behind Amun-Ra π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“‡³π“Ί is the god π“ŠΉ Khonsu π“π“ˆ–π“‡“π“…±π“€― (god of the moon π“‡‹π“‚π“Ž›π“‡Ή) who is the son π“…­ of Amun-Ra π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“‡³π“Ί and the goddess π“ŠΉπ“ Mut 𓏏𓄿𓀭.

In the Third Intermediate Period, the β€œGod’s Wife of Amun” was a very powerful position to be in – at some points, they even had as much power as the pharaoh 𓉐𓉻! The women who had this title were either the wife π“‡“π“π“π“ˆž, mother 𓅐𓏏𓁐, or daughter 𓅭𓏏 of the pharaoh 𓉐𓉻 and would be in charge of performing necessary rituals at festivals and religious ceremonies.

Let’s read some hieroglyphs π“ŠΉπ“Œƒπ“ͺ!

π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“‡³π“Ί – Amun-Ra
π“‡“π“π“ˆ– – King of the
π“ŠΉπ“ŠΉπ“ŠΉ – Gods

π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“‡³π“Ίπ“‡“π“π“ˆ–π“ŠΉπ“ŠΉπ“ŠΉ – β€œAmun-Ra, King of the Gods.”

Here’s the inscription directly next to Amun-Ra:

π“‰Όπ“ŠΉ – Great God
π“ŽŸ – Lord
π“Šͺ𓏏𓇯 – Sky

π“‰Όπ“ŠΉπ“ŽŸπ“Šͺ𓏏𓇯 – β€œGreat God, Lord of the Sky.”

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Egyptian Artifacts

Granodiorite Statue of Amun

This is a beautiful π“„€ granodiorite statue π“„šπ“ˆ–π“π“­π“€Ύ of the god π“ŠΉ Amun π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“€­. Amun π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“€­ was the most popularly worshipped god π“ŠΉ during the 18th Dynasty amongst the pharaohs 𓉐𓉻𓏦 and the elite.

This statue π“„šπ“ˆ–π“π“­π“€Ύ of Amun π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“€­ is special because it was made during the reign of pharaoh 𓉐𓉻 Tutankhamun π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“π“…±π“π“‹Ήπ“‹Ύπ“‰Ίπ“‡“ (18th Dynasty, c. 1336–1327 B.C.E.). After Akhenaten’s π“‡‹π“π“ˆ–π“‡³π“…œπ“π“ˆ– rule, Tutankamun π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“π“…±π“π“‹Ήπ“‹Ύπ“‰Ίπ“‡“ was responsible for moving the capital of Egypt π“†Žπ“…“π“π“Š– back to Thebes π“Œ€π“π“Š– and reestablishing the traditional Egyptian pantheon. Tutankhamun π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“π“…±π“π“‹Ήπ“‹Ύπ“‰Ίπ“‡“ commissioned a lot of statues π“„šπ“ˆ–π“π“­π“€Ύπ“ͺ of Amun π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“€­ to be made, most likely as a way to show that the old religion was once again free to be worshipped. Egyptologists believe that this statue π“„šπ“ˆ–π“π“­π“€Ύ of Amun π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“€­ was specifically sculpted to be placed in the Temple π“‰Ÿπ“π“‰ of Amun π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“€­ at Karnak.

Something else that is interesting about the statue π“„šπ“ˆ–π“π“­π“€Ύ is that it does still have some Amarna-style features, which suggests that some of the sculptors that worked in the Amarna workshops went to Thebes π“Œ€π“π“Š– with Tutankhamun π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“π“…±π“π“‹Ήπ“‹Ύπ“‰Ίπ“‡“ after Akhenaten’s π“‡‹π“π“ˆ–π“‡³π“…œπ“π“ˆ– reign. Some of the facial features of the statue π“„šπ“ˆ–π“π“­π“€Ύ are also similar to other representations of Tutankhamun π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“π“…±π“π“‹Ήπ“‹Ύπ“‰Ίπ“‡“ (for example, the full lips, the drooping chin). The braided beard and the crown, however, make it unquestionable that this statue π“„šπ“ˆ–π“π“­π“€Ύ is meant to represent Amun π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“€­.

Nicole (me) with the statue of Amun

Geology Lesson!!!! Granodiorite is an igneous rock π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“‚‹π“ˆ™ that is a β€œin between” granite π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“ˆ™π“ˆ–π“Œ³π“Ώ and diorite in terms of mineral composition. Granite π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“ˆ™π“ˆ–π“Œ³π“Ώ contains mostly quartz π“ π“ˆ–π“Œπ“ˆ™, while diorite contains a lot of plagioclase/potassium feldspars. Granodiorite contains both, hence it is an β€œin-between” rock π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“‚‹π“ˆ™!

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Reading Hieroglyphs

Amun in Hieroglyphs

Let’s read some hieroglyphs π“ŠΉπ“Œƒπ“ͺ!

The inscription π“Ÿπ“›π“₯ that you see in the picture 𓏏𓅱𓏏 spells out the name π“‚‹π“ˆ– of the god π“ŠΉ Amun-Ra π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“‡³π“Ί! While many gods π“ŠΉπ“ŠΉπ“ŠΉ had different variations on how to write their name π“‚‹π“ˆ– in hieroglyphs, the spelling of Amun-Ra π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“‡³π“Ί was pretty consistent, which makes it an easy name π“‚‹π“ˆ– to recognize!

Let’s breakdown Amun-Ra’s π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“‡³π“Ί name π“‚‹π“ˆ– into each individual symbol!

𓇋 – phonogram symbols for β€œj”
𓏠 – phonogram for β€œmn”
π“ˆ– – phonogram symbols for β€œn”
𓇳 – ideogram for β€œRa” (𓇳 can also be a determinative for sun, day, and time)
𓏺 – not pronounced! The β€œπ“Ίβ€ is there for spacing/aesthetic purposes!

Amun-Ra π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“‡³π“Ί is the combination of the gods π“ŠΉπ“ŠΉπ“ŠΉ Amun π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“€­ (originally god π“ŠΉ of the air, then evolved to become chief of the Egyptian gods π“ŠΉπ“ŠΉπ“ŠΉ) and Ra 𓇳𓏺𓁛 (god π“ŠΉ of the sun 𓇳𓏺). During the New Kingdom, Amun π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“€­ and Ra 𓇳𓏺𓁛 were merged to create the single deity Amun-Ra π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“‡³π“Ί. Amun-Ra π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“‡³π“Ί was considered to be the father 𓇋𓏏𓀀 and protector π“…“π“‚π“Ž‘π“€œ of the pharaoh 𓉐𓉻. The worship 𓇼𓄿𓀒 of Amun-Ra π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“‡³π“Ί was extremely popular and took on a cult-like following.

Categories
Egyptian Artifacts

Amulets of Ra-Horakhty, Amun, and Taweret

I love tiny π“ˆ–π“†“π“‹΄π“…© things and amulets π“Šπ“Šͺπ“…†π“ͺ are no exception! Here are three 𓏼 beautiful π“„€ faience π“‹£π“ˆ–π“π“Έπ“Ό amulets π“Šπ“Šͺπ“…†π“ͺ of Ra-Horakhty π“…Šπ“”π“”π“€, Amun π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“€­, and Taweret 𓏏𓄿𓅩𓂋𓏏𓆗!

Ra 𓇳𓏺𓁛 is considered by historians to be Egypt’s most important deity π“ŠΉ. Ra 𓇳𓏺𓁛 is an ancient deity π“ŠΉ who combined with many different solar and cosmic gods throughout Egyptian history. Ra-Horakhty π“…Šπ“”π“”π“€ is the combination of Ra 𓇳𓏺𓁛 and Horus π“…ƒπ“€­. Ra-Horakhty π“…Šπ“”π“”π“€ is the god π“ŠΉ of the morning sun π“…ƒπ“ˆŒπ“π“­π“€­. Images 𓏏𓅱𓏏𓏦 and depictions of Ra-Horakhty π“…Šπ“”π“”π“€ became more prominent during the Late Period.

Amun π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“€­ is also considered to be one of the most important gods π“ŠΉπ“ŠΉπ“ŠΉ in the Egyptian pantheon and was first mentioned in the Pyramid Texts. Amun π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“€­ had many different roles and was worshipped 𓇼𓄿𓀒 as a creator god, solar god, fertility god, warrior god, and king of the gods. Amun’s π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“€­ is also considered the β€œuniversal god” meaning that his power permeated the cosmos and all that the cosmos contained!

While the ancient Egyptians π“†Žπ“π“€€π“π“ͺ both feared and revered π“‡‹π“Œ΄π“„ͺ hippos π“Œ‰π“π“ƒ―π“¦ due to their strength and power, Taweret 𓏏𓄿𓅩𓂋𓏏𓆗 was a goddess π“ŠΉπ“ who was a protector π“…“π“‚π“Ž‘π“€œ of women π“Šƒπ“π“‚‘π“π“π“ͺ and children π“π“‡Œπ“€•π“ͺ! The name π“‚‹π“ˆ– Taweret 𓏏𓄿𓅩𓂋𓏏𓆗 actually means β€œthe great (female) one!” That is certainly a name π“‚‹π“ˆ– that suits her!