Tag: geology

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The End

If you don’t know, I am a middle and high school science teacher and I have been working at my current school for ten π“Ž† years now. Earlier this month was my last day at my school – I mentioned a couple of posts ago that I am making some transitions/changes in my life π“‹Ή and this is one of them! I’m so grateful for the time I spent at my school and all of the wonderful students I got to teach over the past ten π“Ž† years.Β 

End
William and I with a geode at the American Museum of Natural History in NYC.

William and I are standing with a geode π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“‚‹π“ˆ™, which started forming approximately 135 million years ago! While the size of this geode π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“‚‹π“ˆ™ is awe-inspiring, when I was looking back on the pictures 𓏏𓅱𓏏𓏦, to me geode π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“‚‹π“ˆ™ looks like the Hubble Space Telescope images 𓏏𓅱𓏏𓏦 of space. 

Nut π“Œπ“π“‡―π“€­ was the Egyptian goddess π“ŠΉπ“ of the night π“ŽΌπ“‚‹π“Ž›π“„› sky π“Šͺ𓏏𓇯 and the cosmos. Since my brain relates everything to ancient Egypt π“†Žπ“…“π“π“Š–, this reminded me of her and ancient Egyptian mythology surrounding Nut π“Œπ“π“‡―π“€­ and the cosmos. 

In Middle Egyptian, the words for β€œnight π“ŽΌπ“‚‹π“Ž›π“„›β€ and β€œend π“ŽΌπ“‚‹π“Ž›π“‚π“›β€ are very similar words which I find very fitting for today π“‡π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“‡³. The night π“ŽΌπ“‚‹π“Ž›π“„› is the end π“ŽΌπ“‚‹π“Ž›π“‚π“› of the day and the end π“ŽΌπ“‚‹π“Ž›π“‚π“› of Ra’s 𓇳𓏺𓁛 journey across the daytime sky π“Šͺ𓏏𓇯, but it is also the start of his 12 hour journey into the Duat 𓇼𓄿𓏏𓉐. I’ve always loved the words in the Book of the Dead 𓉐𓂋𓏏𓂻𓅓𓉔𓂋𓏲𓇳𓏺𓍼𓏺 and the Amduat 𓇋𓏢𓅓𓏭𓇼𓄿𓏏𓉐 so I don’t see this change as an end π“ŽΌπ“‚‹π“Ž›π“‚π“› right now…

…I will end this with a quote from one of my favorite Taylor Swift songs which is so fitting for me today; β€œIt was the end of a decade, but the start of an age.” 

This is my personal photograph and original text. DO NOT repost. 

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Turtle Fossil

While ancient Egypt π“†Žπ“…“π“π“Š– is my first love, geology is my second! β€œGeology” in a very broad term that means the study of the Earth’s structure, makeup and history! Geology isn’t just the study of rocks π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“‚‹π“ˆ™π“¦ (that is petrology) but paleontology (the study of past life on Earth) falls into that category!Β I love when I am able to combine my love of geology with ancient Egypt! Read below

Turtle Fossil
William and I with the Turtle Fossil on display at the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH)

William and I are standing with an extinct land tortoise called a β€œMegalochelys atlas” (it used to be referred to as the β€œGeochelone atlas”) and I always lovingly refer to this fossil as the β€œSmiling Turtle” because it looks like it is very happy! This big guy lived during the late Pliocene Epoch which was about two million years ago and is the largest land tortoise to ever exist!

In ancient Egypt π“†Žπ“…“π“π“Š–, turtles π“ˆ™π“π“„Ώπ“†‰π“¦ were seen as an ambiguous force because they were creatures of both land 𓇾 and water π“ˆ—. Turtles π“ˆ™π“π“„Ώπ“†‰π“¦ were also seen as the enemy of Ra 𓇳𓏺𓁛, and in chapter 162 of the Book of the Dead, it is stated that β€œMay Ra live, and may the turtle die.” The turtles π“ˆ™π“π“„Ώπ“†‰π“¦ that lived in the Nile π“‡‹π“π“‚‹π“…±π“ˆ—π“ˆ˜π“ˆ‡π“Ί were mostly nocturnal (and definitely not as large as this one), which is probably why they were considered to be Ra’s 𓇳𓏺𓁛 enemy.Β 

Turtle Fossil
The very large Turtle Fossil on display at the American Museum of Natural History

This is my personal photograph and original text. DO NOT repost. 

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Egyptian Artifacts

Red Granite in Ancient Egypt

It’s time for a geology lesson! Today we are going to look at the significance of the red granite π“…“π“Œ³π“π“ŽΆ used by the ancient Egyptians! 

After limestone π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“ˆ™π“Œ‰ and sandstone π“‚‹π“…±π“‚§π“π“Œ—π“ˆ™, β€œAswan Granite” was the third most used rock π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“‚‹π“ˆ™ by the ancient Egyptians! β€œAswan Granite” is actually a collective term used to describe all of the intrusive igneous rocks in the Aswan π“‹΄π“ƒΉπ“ˆ–π“Œπ“²π“Š– area, even though they aren’t all granitic!Β 

Red Granite

Intrusive igneous rocks π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“‚‹π“ˆ™π“¦ are rocks that form when magma solidifies deep under ground over long periods of time. This long period of cooling allows for crystallization to occur, which is why red granite π“…“π“Œ³π“π“ŽΆ contains large (coarse), beautiful 𓄀𓆑𓂋 quartz π“ π“ˆ–π“Œπ“ˆ™ crystals! Quartz π“ π“ˆ–π“Œπ“ˆ™ is a very hard and durable mineral, which makes red granite π“…“π“Œ³π“π“ŽΆ a strong rock π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“‚‹π“ˆ™. 

This strength has caused controversy and skepticism because β€œhow could the ancient Egyptians have quarried and moved so much granite?” Well the answer is in the science! Tectonic forces move the granite π“…“π“Œ³π“π“ŽΆ towards the surface and the release of that overlying pressure (called unloading) causes the granite to weather into blocks through fracturing and the creation of natural joints. All the ancient Egyptians had to do was find the right sized block for their projects and then ship it up the Nike! 

The most common of the β€œAswan Granite” rocks π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“‚‹π“ˆ™π“¦ is known as red granite π“…“π“Œ³π“π“ŽΆ. Red granite π“…“π“Œ³π“π“ŽΆ was used for many different types of things such as vases, statues 𓏏𓅱𓏏𓀾π“ͺ, sarcophagi π“ŽŸπ“‹Ήπ“ˆ–π“π“Š­π“ͺ, stelae π“Ž—π“…±π“†“π“‰Έπ“¦, obelisks 𓉢𓉢𓉢, and for parts of buildings, temples π“‰Ÿπ“π“‰π“ͺ, and even the pyramids 𓍋𓅓𓂋𓉴!Β 

Red Granite

One of the best examples of these red granite π“…“π“Œ³π“π“ŽΆ statues 𓏏𓅱𓏏𓀾π“ͺ are the ones that used to line Hatshepsut’s π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“ŽΉπ“π“„‚π“π“€Όπ“ͺ temple at Deir el-Bahri 𓂦𓂋𓂦π“₯𓉐 (as seen in my picture)! You can see the beautiful colored coarse crystals in the granite! 

This is my personal photograph and original text. DO NOT repost.Β 

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Egyptian Artifacts

Sedimentary Rocks in Ancient Egypt

Let’s have a combination geology and history lesson today! While I always refer to ancient Egyptian history and hieroglyphs π“ŠΉπ“Œƒπ“ͺ as my β€œFirst Love,” my second love is petrology! Most people think geology is solely the study of rocks π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“‚‹π“ˆ™π“¦, however, geology is actually an umbrella term that covers any field that studies the surface and interior of the Earth 𓇾𓇾! Petrology is solely the study of rocks π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“‚‹π“ˆ™π“¦, and within that field, sedimentary rocks are my absolute favorite type of rock to study!

Sedimentary Rocks
A stone vessel from the pre-dynastic period made from the sedimentary rock breccia (Brooklyn Museum)

Even in the pre-dynastic period, ancient Egyptian artisans mastered the art of taking very hard rocks π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“‚‹π“ˆ™π“¦ and turning them into something beautiful π“„€ – as is the case with this Breccia jar dated to c. 3500-3100 B.C.E. Breccia was mainly used to make these stone jars, and rarely is it seen in other statuary. 

Breccia is classified as a clastic sedimentary rock π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“‚‹π“ˆ™. Sedimentary rocks are rocks that formed from tiny pieces (sediments) of pre-existing rocks π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“‚‹π“ˆ™π“¦ and are classified based off the size of the fragments in the rocks π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“‚‹π“ˆ™π“¦. Breccia is defined by the fact that is has fragments over two 𓏻 millimeters in diameter, those fragments are angular, and they are suspended in a matrix (natural cement formed by the precipitation of minerals). 

Breccia’s β€œsister rock” (as I like to call it) is called conglomerate, which is also found in Egypt π“†Žπ“…“π“π“Š–! While the rocks π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“‚‹π“ˆ™π“¦ are similar (fragments over two 𓏻 millimeters in diameter, fragments in a matrix), their main difference is that conglomerate has rounded fragments! Why do we care about that difference? If the fragments are round, it means they traveled a far distance in water π“ˆ— before they formed into the conglomerate! The angular fragments signify that the rock π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“‚‹π“ˆ™ formed quickly after the sediments were deposited!Β 

Sedimentary Rocks
A piece of the rock conglomerate, which was found by me on the North Shore of Long Island. This is from my personal rock collection.

I included a picture 𓏏𓅱𓏏 of a conglomerate from my personal collection (I also found this rock myself) so you can see the difference in the shape of the fragments (scientifically referred to as β€œclasts”).  This conglomerate is one of my favorites because it has a β€œHidden Mickey” in it!

This is my personal photograph and original text. DO NOT repost without permission. 

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Egyptian Artifacts

Aswan Granite

After limestone π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“ˆ™π“Œ‰ and sandstone π“‚‹π“…±π“‚§π“π“Œ—π“ˆ™, β€œAswan Granite” was the third most used rock π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“‚‹π“ˆ™ by the ancient Egyptians! β€œAswan Granite” is actually a collective term used to describe all of the intrusive igneous rocks in the Aswan π“‹΄π“ƒΉπ“ˆ–π“Œπ“²π“Š– area, even though they aren’t all granitic! Diorite and granodiorite π“ π“ˆ–π“π“π“ŠŒ are other igneous rocks looped into this category, even though granite π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“ˆ™π“ˆ–π“Œ³π“Ώ is a felsic rock (lighter in color and lower in density with more quartz π“ π“ˆ–π“Œπ“ˆ™) as opposed to diorite/granodiorite π“ π“ˆ–π“π“π“ŠŒ (intermediate rock, less quartz π“ π“ˆ–π“Œπ“ˆ™, both dark and light in color). 

The most common of the β€œAswan Granite” rocks π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“‚‹π“ˆ™π“¦ is known as red granite π“…“π“Œ³π“π“ŽΆ. Red granite π“…“π“Œ³π“π“ŽΆ was used for many different types of things such as vases, statues 𓏏𓅱𓏏𓀾π“ͺ, sarcophagi π“ŽŸπ“‹Ήπ“ˆ–π“π“Š­π“ͺ, stelae π“Ž—π“…±π“†“π“‰Έπ“¦, obelisks 𓉢𓉢𓉢, and for parts of buildings and temples π“‰Ÿπ“π“‰π“ͺ! 

Quarrying of the β€œAswan Granite” started in the Old Kingdom and was even used to build the Pyramids 𓍋𓅓𓂋𓉴 at Giza! During the New Kingdom (particularly 18th Dynasty), red granite π“…“π“Œ³π“π“ŽΆ became extremely popular again, especially amongst the pharaohs 𓉐𓉻π“ͺ and many of them had their statues 𓏏𓅱𓏏𓀾π“ͺ and funerary equipment π“ˆŽπ“‚‹π“‹΄π“π“π“Š­ carved out of this durable stone π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“‚‹π“Šͺ! 

One of the best examples of these red granite π“…“π“Œ³π“π“ŽΆ statues 𓏏𓅱𓏏𓀾π“ͺ are the ones that used to line Hatshepsut’s π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“ŽΉπ“π“„‚π“π“€Όπ“ͺ temple at Deir el-Bahri 𓂦𓂋𓂦π“₯𓉐. She had the red granite π“…“π“Œ³π“π“ŽΆ shipped 500 𓏲𓏲𓏲𓏲𓏲 miles up the Nile π“‡‹π“π“‚‹π“…±π“ˆ—π“ˆ˜π“ˆ‡π“Ί from Aswan π“‹΄π“ƒΉπ“ˆ–π“Œπ“²π“Š– to the temple π“‰Ÿπ“π“‰!Β 

The ancient Egyptians π“†Žπ“π“€€π“π“ͺ were such master geologists they even distinguished regular β€œgranite π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“ˆ™π“ˆ–π“Œ³π“Ώβ€ from β€œred granite π“…“π“Œ³π“π“ŽΆβ€ in the hieroglyphs π“ŠΉπ“Œƒπ“ͺ! The picture 𓏏𓅱𓏏 below is a close up of a sample red granite π“…“π“Œ³π“π“ŽΆ from my collection so you can get a better look at this gorgeous π“„€ rock π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“‚‹π“ˆ™!Β 

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Egyptian Artifacts

First Dynasty Lion Cub

How cute is this lion π“Œ³π“Ήπ“„Ώπ“„› cub?! Whenever I am at the MET, I always make sure to stop by and see him!Β 

When I was a kid π“π“‡Œπ“€”, I absolutely loved this quartzite statue π“„šπ“ˆ–π“π“­π“€Ύ of a lion π“Œ³π“Ήπ“„Ώπ“„› cub because it reminded me of Simba from The Lion King! Only the main features of the lion π“Œ³π“Ήπ“„Ώπ“„› cub are seen, and none of the features are β€œsharply defined π“‹΄π“Šͺπ“‚§π“šπ“Ίπ“›,” however, it is clear that this is a statue 𓏏𓅱𓏏𓀾 of a lion π“Œ³π“Ήπ“„Ώπ“„› and it is one of my favorite examples of early Egyptian art!

This cute little lion π“Œ³π“Ήπ“„Ώπ“„› is from the First Dynasty (c. 3100–2900 B.C.E.)! During the Pre-Dynastic through Early Dynastic periods, statues π“„šπ“ˆ–π“π“­π“€Ύπ“ͺ of animals were usually smaller in size (amulet π“Šπ“Šͺπ“…† size or just a little larger – look above the lion π“Œ³π“Ήπ“„Ώπ“„› statue π“„šπ“ˆ–π“π“­π“€Ύ in the picture 𓏏𓅱𓏏 to see examples) This statue 𓏏𓅱𓏏𓀾 thought is almost like a transition piece towards the larger and grander statues π“„šπ“ˆ–π“π“­π“€Ύπ“ͺ of the later dynasties. This little lion π“Œ³π“Ήπ“„Ώπ“„› was originally found in southern 𓇔𓏏 Upper Egypt 𓇓. I love being able to see the changes in Egyptian art through time! 

Geology Time!!! Since quartzite is a very hard stone π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“‚‹π“Šͺ, the Egyptians had to learn how to work with and sculpt these types of rocks π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“‚‹π“ˆ™π“¦! Quartz π“ π“ˆ–π“Œπ“ˆ™, the mineral π“‡‹π“Œ»π“‚‹π“…±π“ˆ™ quartzite is mostly composed of has a hardness of 7 out of 10 on Moh’s Hardness Scale, which means it is very resistant to being scratched! Quartzite is a metamorphic rock, which means it was originally sandstone π“‚‹π“…±π“‚§π“π“Œ—π“ˆ™ before it was subjected to intense heat and pressure, which recrystallized it into quartzite. Quartzite is a much stronger and durable rock π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“‚‹π“ˆ™ than the original sandstone π“‚‹π“…±π“‚§π“π“Œ—π“ˆ™. 

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Egyptian Artifacts Reading Hieroglyphs

Sphinx of Senwosret III (Part II)

Here is a link to Part I!

The Horus Name is one of five 𓏾 ways to write the name π“‚‹π“ˆ– of a pharaoh 𓉐𓉻, and it is the oldest way to do so. The purpose of the Horus Name was to identify the king 𓇓 as an earthly representation of the god π“ŠΉ Horus π“…ƒπ“€­.Β 

The Horus Name consists of three elements: the palace facade π“Š, Horus the Falcon π“…ƒ standing on top of the palace π“Š, and the name π“‚‹π“ˆ– of the pharaoh 𓉐𓉻 within the palace π“Š. The palace π“Š hieroglyph π“ŠΉπ“Œƒ is pronounced like β€œserekh” and some Egyptologists are now referring to the Horus Name as the Serekh Name. This was basically the early version of the cartouche! 

On the sphinx π“Ž›π“…±π“ƒ­ of Pharaoh 𓉐𓉻 Senwosret III π“‡³π“ˆπ“‚“π“‚“π“‚“, you can see the Horus name, however, the throne name is also in the serekh! This is unusual to see both names π“‚‹π“ˆ–π“¦ in the serekh! 

Let’s read some hieroglyphs π“ŠΉπ“Œƒπ“ͺ! 

π“ŠΉπ“†£π“…± – β€œHorus, Divine of Form” (Neter-kheperu) (Horus Name)

π“‡³π“ˆπ“‚“π“‚“π“‚“ – β€œThe Souls of Ra have Appeared” (Kha kau ra) (Throne Name)

Something I love about this sphinx π“Ž›π“…±π“ƒ­, is that it is made out of gneiss, which is one of my favorite rocks π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“‚‹π“ˆ™π“¦! Gneiss is a foliated metamorphic rock π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“‚‹π“ˆ™ which means that it was subjected to such extreme heat and pressure during its formation (probably due to mountain π“ˆ‹π“…³ building or plate tectonics), that the minerals π“‡‹π“Œ»π“‚‹π“…±π“ˆ™π“¦ have separated into bands of light (felsic) and dark (mafic) colored minerals π“‡‹π“Œ»π“‚‹π“…±π“ˆ™π“¦! This gives gneiss a natural zebra-like appearance! 

Gebel el-Asr is the only quarry π“Ž›π“π“π“‰ in Egypt π“†Žπ“…“π“π“Š– where gneiss can be found, and gneiss was prized from the Predynastic to Middle Kingdoms for statue 𓏏𓅱𓏏𓀾 making!

The following pictures 𓏏𓅱𓏏 show a close up of one of my samples of gneiss, so you can see this banding! 

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Egyptian Artifacts

Boat of Mutemwia

This statue 𓏏𓅱𓏏𓀾 is dedicated to Mutemwia π“π“…π“…“π“Šž who was a minor wife 𓂑𓏏𓁐 of Thutmosis IV 𓇳𓏠𓆣𓏼 and mother 𓅐𓏏𓁐 of the pharaoh 𓉐𓉻 Amenhotep III π“‡³π“§π“Ž .Β 

This statue was originally meant to show Mutemwia π“π“…π“…“π“Šž on a sacred boat 𓂧π“Šͺπ“π“Šž(her body has been broken off). The boat 𓂧π“Šͺπ“π“Šž has the goddess Hathor 𓉑 on the front. The sides of the boat 𓂧π“Šͺπ“π“Šž are inscribed with the name and titles of Mutemwia π“π“…π“…“π“Šž along with a carving of the Wedjat π“‚€. Cartouches showing the names π“‚‹π“ˆ–π“¦ of Mutemwia π“π“…π“…“π“Šž and Amenhotep III π“‡³π“§π“Ž  are also inscribed on the boat 𓂧π“Šͺπ“π“Šž. 

Mutemwia π“π“…π“…“π“Šž held many titles such as the β€œGreat King’s Wife His Beloved π“‡“π“π“π“ˆžπ“…©π“‚‹π“π“ˆ˜π“†‘,” β€œLady of the Two Lands π“Ž›π“Œπ“π“‡Ώπ“‡Ώ,” β€œGod’s Mother π“ŠΉπ“…,” and β€œKing’s Mother 𓇓𓅐.” The latter two titles mean the same thing – since the pharaoh 𓉐𓉻 (Amenhotep III π“‡³π“§π“Ž ) was a god π“ŠΉ on Earth 𓇾𓇾. 

Something interesting though that these titles listed above were only used after the death of Thutmosis IV 𓇳𓏠𓆣𓏼. It seems that Amenhotep III π“‡³π“§π“Ž  elevated his mother’s 𓅐𓏏𓁐 status when he became the pharaoh 𓉐𓉻. In the Luxor Temple, Mutemwia π“π“…π“…“π“Šž is depicted in the reliefs of the divine birth of Amenhotep III π“‡³π“§π“Ž  – and these reliefs are almost an exact copy of the ones from the divine birth of Hatshepsut π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“ŽΉπ“π“„‚π“π“€Όπ“ͺ at Deir el-Bahri 𓂦𓂋𓂦π“₯𓉐. 

The boat 𓂧π“Šͺπ“π“Šž is made of the rock π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“‚‹π“ˆ™ granodiorite, which is an igneous (volcanic) rock π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“‚‹π“ˆ™ that is kind of the mix of both granite π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“ˆ™π“ˆ–π“Œ³π“Ώ and diorite. Granodiorite is an intrusive rock, meaning it formed underground, which also makes it a very strong and durable piece of material! 

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Egyptian Artifacts

Large Scarab at the British Museum

This is definitely the largest scarab 𓐍π“Šͺ𓂋𓂋𓆣 that I have ever seen!Β  I was shocked when I saw just how big it was in the British Museum! I have honestly never seen anything like it in any of the other museums I have visited!

This scarab 𓐍π“Šͺ𓂋𓂋𓆣 represented Khepri 𓆣𓂋𓀭. Khepri 𓆣𓂋𓀭 the god π“ŠΉ that was associated with the β€œrising of the sun π“…ƒπ“ˆŒπ“π“­π“€­β€ (these hieroglyphs π“ŠΉπ“Œƒπ“ͺ translate to β€œsun at dawn”) and thus he is associated with life π“‹Ήπ“ˆ–π“ and rebirth. Scarabs 𓐍π“Šͺ𓂋𓂋𓆣π“ͺ were extremely popular as amulets π“Šπ“Šͺπ“…†π“ͺ, and were considered to have the strongest 𓄇𓏏𓂝𓏭 protection π“…“π“‚π“Ž‘π“€œ powers. 

The β€œscarab beetle 𓆣” hieroglyph π“ŠΉπ“Œƒ symbol is a determinative, ideogram and phonogram symbol! It is associated with the sound αΈ«pr (like β€œKheper”) is also used to write the words “evolve,” β€œmanifestation,” and “become.”

From a geologic perspective, this scarab 𓐍π“Šͺ𓂋𓂋𓆣 is made of the rock π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“‚‹π“ˆ™ diorite.  Diorite is an intrusive igneous rock (meaning it forms underground from the solidification of magma). Diorite is an extremely durable rock π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“‚‹π“ˆ™ (one of the strongest found on Earth 𓇾𓇾), and is comparable to granite π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“ˆ™π“ˆ–π“Œ³π“Ώ in terms of strength and method of formation.  

However, diorite usually doesn’t contain a lot quartz π“ π“ˆ–π“Œπ“ˆ™, a very strong 𓄇𓏏𓂝𓏭 mineral which is abundant in granite π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“ˆ™π“ˆ–π“Œ³π“Ώ, hence the difference between the two 𓏻 rocks π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“‚‹π“ˆ™π“¦. One of the reasons why this scarab 𓐍π“Šͺ𓂋𓂋𓆣 is so well preserved, is probably due to the strength of the diorite!  Diorite, like granite π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“ˆ™π“ˆ–π“Œ³π“Ώ, was usually mined by the Egyptians in Aswan π“‹΄π“ƒΉπ“ˆ–π“Œπ“²π“Œ•π“Š–

As you all know, ancient Egypt π“†Žπ“…“π“π“Š– is one of my biggest passions, however I actually have degrees in Earth and Environmental science! I love combining my passions for Egyptian history and geology together π“ˆ–π“Š—!