Tag: roman

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Egyptian Artifacts

Tyet Knot and Djed Pillar

This beautiful 𓄀𓆑𓂋 art is from a Roman Period mummy mask of a woman and is dated to 60 – 70 A.D. It’s always incredible to me how art that is just about 2000 years old has paint 𓇨𓂋𓅱𓏭𓏸𓏦 and colors that still look brand new! This art shows two Tyet Knots π“Ž¬ and a Djed Pillar π“Š½ (middle).Β 

Tyet Knot and Djed Pillar
Two Tyet Knots (right and left) and a Djed Pillar (middle) on a Roman mummy mask

The origin of the Djed Pillar π“Š½ is most likely from the predynastic times while Tyet Knot π“Ž¬ is from the First Dynasty/Early Dynastic Period. This means that these symbols were over 3000 years old when this mask was made! It always amazes me how the same religious symbols just persisted through Egyptian history! 

The Tyet Knot π“Ž¬, also known as the Isis knot π“Ž¬, was considered a very strong symbol of protection π“…“π“‚π“Ž‘π“€œ and came to be associated with Isis π“Š¨π“π“₯. The Egyptians π“†Žπ“π“€€π“π“ͺ believed that knots π“Ž¬ were able to bind and then release magic π“Ž›π“‚“π“„Ώπ“œ.

The Djed Pillar π“Š½ represents the word and concept of Stability in ancient Egypt. The Djed pillar π“Š½ is thought to be the spine 𓇋𓄿𓏏𓄦 of Osiris π“Ήπ“Š¨π“€­, hence why it takes on the meaning of β€œstability.” 

The Isis Knots π“Ž¬  and the Djed Pillar π“Š½ were also mostly used in a funerary context, such as amulets π“Šπ“Šͺ𓅆𓏦 that were placed on mummies 𓇋𓁹𓅱𓀾π“ͺ or as part of spells π“Ž›π“‚“π“›π“¦ in the Book of the Dead 𓉐𓂋𓏏𓂻𓅓𓉔𓂋𓏲𓇳𓏺𓍼𓏺. 

While both the Tyet Knot π“Ž¬ and Djed Pillar appear in art frequently, they are also both hieroglyphic symbols and appear in inscriptions! 

The β€œreed column π“Š½β€ more commonly known as the β€œDjed Pillar” is a biliteral phonogram that has the sound β€œαΈd” which sounds like β€œDjed.” It also functions as an ideogram for β€œStability.” 

The β€œtie π“Ž¬β€ is an ideogram for β€œTyet Knot π“Ž¬β€ or β€œIsis Knot π“Ž¬β€ and is a triliteral phonogram associated with the sound β€œtjt” which would be pronounced like β€œtyet.” 

This is my personal photograph and original text. DO NOT repost. 

Follow me @ancientegyptblog on Instagram and TikTok to learn all about ancient Egypt, hieroglyphs, mythology, culture and more!

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Egyptian Artifacts

Roman Mosaic

While this beautiful 𓄀𓆑𓂋 Roman mosaic is not Egyptian, it is inspired by ancient Egypt π“†Žπ“…“π“π“Š–! The global fascination and love of ancient Egyptian art didn’t start in modern times; in fact, the Romans were enamored with ancient Egypt π“†Žπ“…“π“π“Š– too! The Romans saw Egypt π“†Žπ“…“π“π“Š– as a β€œland of wealth and antiquity.” 

Roman Mosaic
An Egyptian inspired Roman Mosaic at the MET

Mosaics are a Roman art form, but if you look at the center you will see Egyptian figures! The figure on the left has blue skin and the sun/horn headdress that is typical of the goddess π“ŠΉπ“ Isis π“Š¨π“π“₯ during this time period, while the seared figure on the right is wearing the nemes π“ˆ–π“…“π“‹΄ head cloth which is typical dress for a pharaoh 𓉐𓉻.Β 

The scene is definitely strange because a goddess π“ŠΉπ“ would never be making an offering to a pharaoh 𓉐𓉻 – the pharaoh 𓉐𓉻 would always be making an offering to a god π“ŠΉ or goddess π“ŠΉπ“! This scene was clearly meant to convey what the Roman’s felt as an Egyptian atmosphere and it’s interesting to see the Roman interpretation of Egyptian culture despite its inaccuracies. 

Fun Fact: Roman Emperors liked Egyptian art, and some (like Caligula π“ˆπ“‹Ύπ“©π“„Ώπ“²π“π“ŽΌπ“ƒ­π“‚§π“‚‹π“° and Hadrian π“‰”π“π“‚‹π“‚π“ˆ–π“Šƒπ“ˆŽπ“Šƒπ“‚‹) had pieces from ancient Egypt π“†Žπ“…“π“π“Š– brought to Rome to adorn their gardens π“Ž›π“Šƒπ“Šͺπ“ˆˆπ“₯ or estates.Β 

This is my personal photograph and original text. DO NOT repost. 

Follow me @ancientegyptblog on Instagram and TikTok to learn all about ancient Egypt, hieroglyphs, mythology, culture and more!

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Reading Hieroglyphs

The Cartouches of Augustus

This picture 𓏏𓅱𓏏 is a look at one of the sunken reliefs on the Temple of Dendur at the MET! This relief shows Emperor Augustus wearing the White Crown of Upper Egypt π“Œ‰π“π“‹‘ standing before Horus π“…ƒπ“€­.Β 

The Cartouches of Augustus
The Cartouches of Augustus – can you spot all three?

To me, what is most interesting though are the cartouches π“ π“ˆ–π“ˆ™π“·π“¦ of Augustus! Unlike the Greek rulers of Egypt π“†Žπ“…“π“π“Š– that spelled out their names π“‚‹π“ˆ–π“¦ using phonogram symbols, Augustus went a different route when having his name π“‚‹π“ˆ– represented in hieroglyphs π“ŠΉπ“Œƒπ“ͺ. In this image 𓏏𓅱𓏏 you can see all three 𓏼 of his cartouches π“ π“ˆ–π“ˆ™π“·π“¦: 

π“ˆŽπ“‡Œπ“Šƒπ“‚‹π“Šƒπ“‹Ήπ“†– – (Kaisaros)

π“„Ώπ“²π“π“ˆŽπ“‚‹π“π“‚‹ – (Autokrator)

𓉐𓉻𓀀 – (Pharaoh (pr-ˁ3))

β€œAutokrator” is the Greek word for β€œEmperor,” β€œKaisaros” is the Greek word for β€œCaesar,” and β€œpr-ˁ3” is the Middle Egyptian word for β€œpharaoh.”

In Middle Egyptian the word for pharaoh 𓉐𓉻 literally translates to β€œGreat House.β€œ This is a direct reference to the palace π“‚π“Ž›π“π“‰₯𓉐 where the pharaoh 𓉐𓉻 resided during his/her rule. 

𓉐 – House (pr)

𓉻 – Great (ˁ3)

The third cartouche π“ π“ˆ–π“ˆ™π“· is the one I have always found so fascinating because it is literally the word for pharaoh 𓉐𓉻 in Middle Egyptian plus the male determinative sign π“€€. Most names π“‚‹π“ˆ–π“¦ (even when spelled out with phonograms) are followed by a determinative for a male π“€€ person or female 𓁐 person. By choosing to have his name π“‚‹π“ˆ– depicted in this way, Augustus was literally calling himself the Pharaoh 𓉐𓉻 of Egypt π“†Žπ“…“π“π“Š–! 

Augustus chose to have various words for β€œruler” as his name π“‚‹π“ˆ– in hieroglyphs π“ŠΉπ“Œƒπ“ͺ. Again, this was probably a way to assert his power as the first Emperor of the Roman Empire. He didn’t want anyone to question his right to rule! 

Can you spot three of Augustus’ cartouches in the picture 𓏏𓅱𓏏? 

This is my personal photograph and original text. DO NOT repost. 

@ancientegyptblogΒ 

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Egyptian Artifacts

Large Granite Statue of Queen Tiye

This large granite π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“ˆ™π“ˆ–π“Œ³π“Ώ statue 𓏏𓅱𓏏𓀾 of Queen Tiye π“˜π“‡Œπ“­π“— has quite the story and journey through history! It’s amazing how some pieces can start off in one place, but end up in a completely different location! Let’s take a closer look at this striking piece that is currently at the Vatican Museum, and follow her journey from Egypt π“†Žπ“…“π“π“Š– to Rome!

Queen Tiye at the Vatican Museum

This statue 𓏏𓅱𓏏𓀾 definitely resembles other works of Queen Tiye π“˜π“‡Œπ“­π“— – from the characteristic wig to the distinct face shape and design. In my opinion, there is no doubt that this statue 𓏏𓅱𓏏𓀾 was originally Queen Tiye π“˜π“‡Œπ“­π“—. Queen Tiye π“˜π“‡Œπ“­π“— was married to the pharaoh 𓉐𓉻 Amenhotep III π“‡³π“§π“Ž  and possessed the title of β€œKing’s Great Wife π“‡“π“ˆžπ“,” which pretty much meant that she was his favorite wife. Queen Tiye π“˜π“‡Œπ“­π“— was actually the mother 𓅐𓏏𓁐 of Akhenaten π“‡‹π“π“ˆ–π“‡³π“…œπ“π“ˆ– and Tutankhamun’s π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“π“…±π“π“‹Ήπ“‹Ύπ“‰Ίπ“‡“ grandmother!Β 

After some time had passed, the great usurper, Rameses II π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“ˆ˜π“‡³π“Ίπ“„Ÿπ“‹΄π“‡“, recognized the beauty 𓄀𓆑𓂋 of this statue 𓏏𓅱𓏏𓀾 and brought it to his mortuary temple π“‰Ÿπ“π“‰ where he had it dedicated to his mother 𓅐𓏏𓁐 (and wife of Seti I 𓇳𓁦𓏠), Tuya 𓏏𓅱𓇋𓄿𓁗. β€œUsurping” was a popular practice where pharaohs 𓉐𓉻π“₯ would take old statues 𓏏𓅱𓏏𓀾 π“ͺ from previous pharaohs 𓉐𓉻π“₯ and put their names π“‚‹π“ˆ–π“¦ on it. Think of it as ancient plagiarism! 

Then, the statue 𓏏𓅱𓏏𓀾 made its way out of Egypt π“†Žπ“…“π“π“Š– and to Rome! For a long time, the statue 𓏏𓅱𓏏𓀾 adorned the β€œGardens of Sallust,” which belonged to the Emperor Caligula π“ˆπ“‹Ύπ“©π“„Ώπ“²π“π“ŽΌπ“ƒ­π“‚§π“‚‹π“° at the time. Many Roman Emperors liked Egyptian art, and some (like Caligula π“ˆπ“‹Ύπ“©π“„Ώπ“²π“π“ŽΌπ“ƒ­π“‚§π“‚‹π“° and Hadrian π“‰”π“π“‚‹π“‚π“ˆ–π“Šƒπ“ˆŽπ“Šƒπ“‚‹) had pieces from ancient Egypt π“†Žπ“…“π“π“Š– brought to Rome to adorn their gardens π“Ž›π“Šƒπ“Šͺπ“ˆˆπ“₯ or estates. This statue 𓏏𓅱𓏏𓀾 was then re-discovered in 1714 and was brought to the Vatican Museums in 1839. 

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Egyptian Artifacts

Roman Sarcophagus

Even though Rome was the dominant power in the Mediterranean at the time, Cleopatra VII π“ˆŽπ“ƒ­π“‡‹π“―π“Šͺ𓄿𓂧𓂋𓏏𓄿𓆇 was determined to keep Egypt π“†Žπ“…“π“π“Š– independent of Rome.  However, with the defeat of Mac Antony by Augustus 𓉐𓉻𓀀 in battle, and the death of Cleopatra VII π“ˆŽπ“ƒ­π“‡‹π“―π“Šͺ𓄿𓂧𓂋𓏏𓄿𓆇 (the last Pharaoh 𓉐𓉻, died by suicide c. 31 B.C.E.), Egypt π“†Žπ“…“π“π“Š– was conquered by the Romans. This made Augustus 𓉐𓉻𓀀 the first Roman Emperor. 

Traditionally, the Romans burned their dead and put their ashes in urns. However, in Roman Egypt, traditional Egyptian funerary practices persisted but adopted some Roman style! Nonno always pointed out the Roman influenced sarcophagi π“ŽŸπ“‹Ήπ“ˆ–π“π“Š­π“ͺ in museums because he thought it was so interesting that an image 𓏏𓅱𓏏 of the deceased 𓅓𓏏𓏱 was on the coffin, instead of the traditional Egyptian “mask.” The painting of the deceased 𓅓𓏏𓏱 still functioned like a traditional Egyptian mask, however it was just more β€œRoman” in style.Β 

The mask could either serve as protection π“…“π“‚π“Ž‘π“€œ for the deceased 𓅓𓏏𓏱, or take the place of the body if the head was destroyed or lost. In the Egyptian religion, the body of the deceased 𓅓𓏏𓏱 needed to stay intact in order for the deceased 𓅓𓏏𓏱 to be transported to the afterlife 𓇼𓄿𓏏𓉐/Field of Reeds π“‡π“π“ˆ…π“‡‹π“„Ώπ“‚‹π“…±π“†°π“Š–. This was the purpose of mummification – to preserve the body so both the Ka π“‚“ (soul) and the Ba 𓅑𓏺(life force) would be able to recognize the body!

I think this sarcophagus π“ŽŸπ“‹Ήπ“ˆ–π“π“Š­ (from the second century AD) in particular is very interesting because it demonstrates a marriage of the two 𓏻 cultures.Β  The Roman influence is clearly seen, with the painted portrait of the deceased (and his name π“‚‹π“ˆ–, Artemidorus below the portrait).Β 

However, the Egyptian gods π“ŠΉπ“ŠΉπ“ŠΉ are present in gold π“‹žπ“ƒ‰π“ƒ‰π“ƒ‰ on the body of the sarcophagus π“ŽŸπ“‹Ήπ“ˆ–π“π“Š­. Anubis π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“Šͺ𓅱𓃣, Maat π“™π“Œ΄π“‚£π“π“¦, Thoth π“…€π“€­ , and Horus π“…ƒπ“€­ are depicted. Iconic Egyptian imagery 𓏏𓅱𓏏 such as the winged sun disk is located above the feet, while a traditional broad collar π“…±π“‹΄π“π“ŽΊπ“‹ is in gold π“‹žπ“ƒ‰π“ƒ‰π“ƒ‰ around the neck of the mummy 𓇋𓁹𓅱𓀾. 

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Egyptian Artifacts

Roman Oil Lamps

While my Nonno loved ancient Egypt π“†Žπ“…“π“π“Š–, he also absolutely loved Ancient Rome and the Roman Emperors. This is why he loved the Ptolemaic and Roman Periods of Egypt π“†Žπ“…“π“π“Š– so much. Even though the Ptolemaic Period was technically Hellenistic Egypt π“†Žπ“…“π“π“Š–, there was still a heavy Roman influence because Rome was still very powerful at the time! 

When Cleopatra VII π“ˆŽπ“ƒ­π“‡‹π“―π“Šͺ𓄿𓂧𓂋𓏏𓄿𓆇 committed suicide in 31 B.C.E., that was seen as the end of the pharaohs 𓉐𓉻𓏦 and the beginning of Roman Egypt. This makes Cleopatra π“ˆŽπ“ƒ­π“‡‹π“―π“Šͺ𓄿𓂧𓂋𓏏𓄿𓆇 the last pharaoh 𓉐𓉻 of Egypt! Nonno often told me stories about Mark Antony, Cleopatra π“ˆŽπ“ƒ­π“‡‹π“―π“Šͺ𓄿𓂧𓂋𓏏𓄿𓆇, Augustus 𓉐𓉻𓀀, Julius Caesar – he loved that whole part of history so much.Β 

These are ancient oil lamps 𓆼𓄿𓃀𓏲𓐠𓏀𓇢! These oil lamps 𓆼𓄿𓃀𓏲𓐠𓏀𓇢 are made of clay π“Šͺπ“ˆ–π“‹΄π“ˆ‡ and can be found throughout countries that were ruled by the Roman Empire! Many are found in present-day Egypt π“†Žπ“…“π“π“Š–, Turkey, Syria, and many others! My Nonno absolutely adored these – he loved that you could still see where the oil π“‚π“†“π“–π“Šπ“¦ had burned on some of them (that’s the black π“†Žπ“…“ discoloration at the opening). Nonno always made sure to point these out in museums and now of course I always look for them. I love seeing the different designs on them! Each lamp 𓆼𓄿𓃀𓏲𓐠𓏀𓇢 is unique which I love!

Isis and Horus design on the oil lamp, along with the black discoloration on the opening!

Due to Roman influence in Egypt π“†Žπ“…“π“π“Š–, oil lamps 𓆼𓄿𓃀𓏲𓐠𓏀𓇢 from Egypt π“†Žπ“…“π“π“Š– were sometimes made with the Egyptian Gods π“ŠΉπ“ŠΉπ“ŠΉ on them! The oil lamp 𓆼𓄿𓃀𓏲𓐠𓏀𓇢 all the way on the right depicts Isis π“Š¨π“π“₯ nursing Horus π“…ƒπ“€­. As Isis π“Š¨π“π“₯ grew in popularity, she was associated with cosmological order and was considered to be the embodiment of fate by the Romans.  Isis π“Š¨π“π“₯ was widely worshipped 𓇼𓄿𓀒 during the Roman times, and Isis π“Š¨π“π“₯ feeding Horus π“…ƒπ“€­ as a baby π“ˆ–π“π“ˆ–π“€• has even appeared on the back of Roman coins. Amulets π“Šπ“Šͺπ“…†π“ͺ and bronze π“ˆ”π“€π“ˆ’π“¦ statues π“„šπ“ˆ–π“π“­π“€Ύπ“ͺ of Isis π“Š¨π“π“₯ feeding Horus π“…ƒπ“€­ were also made in abundance during this time period. 

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Egyptian Artifacts

Graeco-Roman Stela

This is certainly an interesting stela π“Ž—π“…±π“†“π“‰Έ for sure!

This stela π“Ž—π“…±π“†“π“‰Έ is made of limestone π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“ˆ™π“Œ‰ but the craftsmanship is kind of…off! This is very typical for work from the time period (1st Century B.C.E. – 4th Century A.D.). During the Greek and Roman periods, objects like amulets π“Šπ“Šͺπ“…†π“ͺ, stelae π“Ž—π“…±π“†“π“‰Έπ“ͺ, statues π“„šπ“ˆ–π“π“­π“€Ύπ“ͺ, and more were so mass produced that the craftsmanship suffered. Let’s take a look at what is going on!Β 

The top section of the stela π“Ž—π“…±π“†“π“‰Έ seems to be trying to follow the traditional Egyptian way – the winged π“‚§π“Œ³π“π“†ƒ sun disc 𓇳𓏺 and the Uraeus π“‡‹π“‚π“‚‹π“π“†— are roughly carved but are definitely there! This design is known as β€œ Horus the Behdetite” and is a representation of Horus π“…ƒπ“€­ that is popular on stelae π“Ž—π“…±π“†“π“‰Έπ“ͺ. Under that, two 𓏻 jackals π“Šƒπ“„Ώπ“ƒ€π“ƒ₯𓏦 are depicted! 

In the middle section, from the left, Anubis π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“Šͺ𓅱𓃣 is depicted holding an ankh π“‹Ή or key which most likely symbolizes his association with/ability to access the underworld (a very Graeco-Roman version of Anubis π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“Šͺ𓅱𓃣)! Then the four 𓏽 people to the right of Anubis π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“Šͺ𓅱𓃣 are identified by the Greek inscription below: “Pekysis, son of Aruotes, and his brother Pachoumis; Tbaikis the elder and Tbaikis the younger.” Pekysis is thought to be the man holding the torch! Osiris π“Ήπ“Š¨π“€­ is depicted all the way on the right! 

Thanks to the MET for the Greek translation because I certainly don’t speak Greek! 

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Egyptian Artifacts

Interesting Roman-Egyptian Stela

Limestone stela from the Roman Period of Egyptian history

This is certainly an interesting stela π“Ž—π“…±π“†“π“‰Έ for sure! This stela π“Ž—π“…±π“†“π“‰Έ is made of limestone π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“ˆ™π“Œ‰ but the craftsmanship is kind of…off! This is very typical for work from the time period (1st Century B.C.E. – 4th Century A.D.). During the Greek and Roman periods, objects like amulets π“Šπ“Šͺπ“…†π“ͺ, stelae π“Ž—π“…±π“†“π“‰Έπ“ͺ, statues π“„šπ“ˆ–π“π“­π“€Ύπ“ͺ, and more were so mass produced that the craftsmanship suffered. Let’s take a look at what is going on!

The first thing I noticed is that there are no hieroglyphs π“ŠΉπ“Œƒπ“ͺ on this stela π“Ž—π“…±π“†“π“‰Έ! So the only way to β€œdecipher” it is by looking at who is depicted! At the top, you can see the winged π“‚§π“Œ³π“π“†ƒ sun disk 𓇳𓏺, a symbol of life π“‹Ήπ“ˆ–π“ and regeneration. Beneath the sun disk 𓇳𓏺 are two 𓏻 snakes π“‡‹π“‚π“‚‹π“π“†˜π“ͺ and the β€œankh π“‹Ή,” which is the symbol for life π“‹Ήπ“ˆ–π“! While crudely carved, this is a very typical design to see on the top of a stela π“Ž—π“…±π“†“π“‰Έ.

In the middle panel, Anubis π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“Šͺ𓅱𓃣 (middle) is presenting the deceased 𓅓𓏏𓏱 (right) to Osiris π“Ήπ“Š¨π“€­ (left). This scene is a very typical one that you would see on a stela π“Ž—π“…±π“†“π“‰Έ! During the Roman times, Anubis π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“Šͺ𓅱𓃣 was viewed as the β€œconquerer of death,” and was depicted a lot with the deceased 𓅓𓏏𓏱 person in artwork.

On the bottom panel, it is inferred that Nephthys 𓉠𓏏𓆇 (left) and Isis π“Š¨π“π“₯ (right) are pictured in a mourning stance. I say β€œinferred” because usually when Isis π“Š¨π“π“₯ and Nephthys 𓉠𓏏𓆇 are pictured, they have their crowns on their head which make them very easy to recognize! Here they do not, however, there might be a tiny indication of a crown on Isis’ π“Š¨π“π“₯ head (though it is hard to see). I think the crowns are missing because the artist ran out of room!!

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Egyptian Artifacts

Roman-Egyptian Limestone Stela

(from left) The Pharaoh, Anubis and a Goddess (inferred to be Hathor)

This limestone π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“ˆ™π“Œ‰ stela π“Ž—π“…±π“†“π“‰Έ from the Roman Period is an interesting piece! Let’s take a closer look!

The stela depicts π“Ž—π“…±π“†“π“‰Έ a pharaoh 𓉐𓉻 (left) holding a sistrum π“Šƒπ“ˆ™π“ˆ™π“π“£ and and offering a cloth 𓍱 to Anubis π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“Šͺ𓅱𓃣 (middle) and a goddess π“ŠΉπ“ (right). The pharaoh 𓉐𓉻 is wearing the Atef Crown π“‹š. The Atef Crown π“‹š is usually associated with the god π“ŠΉ Osiris π“Ήπ“Š¨π“€­.

Right next to the pharaoh’s 𓉐𓉻 head 𓁢𓏺 in the hieroglyphs π“ŠΉπ“Œƒπ“ͺ you can just see a cartouche which simply says (𓉐𓉻) or pharaoh! The emperor Augustus usually wrote his cartouche as (𓉐𓉻), however many other rulers during this time period did too so we can’t necessarily say for sure that it is Augustus that is depicted!

Anubis π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“Šͺ𓅱𓃣 is shown wearing the double crown π“‹– of both Upper 𓇓 and Lower 𓆀 Egypt π“†Žπ“…“π“π“Š–, which is cool because Anubis π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“Šͺ𓅱𓃣 usually isn’t depicted with a crown on his head 𓁢𓏺 in more traditional Egyptian art. During the Greek and Roman Periods, Anubis π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“Šͺ𓅱𓃣 was regarded as the β€œconquerer of death” and β€œcompanion/escort of the dead” and was very popular! Both Anubis π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“Šͺ𓅱𓃣 and the goddess π“ŠΉπ“ are holding Ankhs π“‹Ήπ“‹Ήπ“‹Ή in their hands.

The name π“‚‹π“ˆ– of the goddess π“ŠΉπ“ isn’t in the hieroglyphs π“ŠΉπ“Œƒπ“ͺ, however, I think the goddess π“ŠΉπ“ depicted is Hathor 𓉑 because the pharaoh 𓉐𓉻 is holding a sistrum π“Šƒπ“ˆ™π“ˆ™π“π“£, and sistrums π“Šƒπ“ˆ™π“ˆ™π“π“£π“ͺ are associated with Hathor 𓉑. Plus, Hathor 𓉑 was also a popular goddess π“ŠΉπ“ to worship 𓇼𓄿𓀒 during this time period. I’m sure others have their interpretations as well, this is just mine!