Tag: thoth

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Egyptian Artifacts

Water Clocks

β€œWhat time is it” is such a common question and the ancient Egyptians π“†Žπ“π“€€π“π“ͺ wondered it too! The ancient Egyptians π“†Žπ“π“€€π“π“ͺ were masters of math and science π“‚‹π“π“π“œ and one of their long lasting contributions to the world was the first clock – which was a sundial π“¬π“π“ŠŒ (also known as a shadow clock)! The sundial π“¬π“π“ŠŒ was the first portable time keeping device!Β 

Water Clocks

These two pieces pictured are also clocks except these are known as water clocks π“ˆ™π“ƒ€π“…±π“ƒ». The water clock π“ˆ™π“ƒ€π“…±π“ƒ» is the first clock that didn’t depend on an astronomical object to tell the time! The oldest water clock π“ˆ™π“ƒ€π“…±π“ƒ» known was found in the tomb π“‡‹π“‡©π“Šƒπ“‰ of the pharaoh 𓉐𓉻 Amenhotep I π“‡‹π“ π“ˆ–π“Š΅π“π“Šͺ(c. 1500 B.C.E.). The Greeks even adopted the use of water clocks π“ˆ™π“ƒ€π“…±π“ƒ»π“ͺ around 325 B.C.E. and named them β€œclepsydras” which translates to β€œwater thieves.” 

A water clock π“ˆ™π“ƒ€π“…±π“ƒ» is a vessel/vase that has a hole at the bottom that allowed water π“ˆ— to drip through at a slow pace. Water clocks π“ˆ™π“ƒ€π“…±π“ƒ»π“ͺ were usually used to tell time at night π“ŽΌπ“‚‹π“Ž›π“„›, but they might have been used during the day 𓉔𓂋𓏺𓇳 too. The water π“ˆ— was drained from the vessel after twelve π“Ž†π“» hours, and then it could be refilled and be used again! Markings on the side helped to keep more accurate time! 

These two water clocks π“ˆ™π“ƒ€π“…±π“ƒ»π“ͺ were probably used in a temple π“‰Ÿπ“π“‰. They both depict baboons because the god π“ŠΉ Thoth 𓅝𓏏𓏭𓀭 could take the form of a baboon. Thoth 𓅝𓏏𓏭𓀭 was not only the inventor of hieroglyphs π“ŠΉπ“Œƒπ“ͺ and the god π“ŠΉ of knowledge π“‚‹π“π“π“œ, but his many other duties included being an overseer of measurement! 

Both of the water clocks π“ˆ™π“ƒ€π“…±π“ƒ»π“ͺ are made of faience π“‹£π“ˆ–π“π“Έπ“Ό. The blue/green 𓇅𓆓𓏛 one dated to the 4th Century B.C.E. (Late Period) while the tan colored one is dated to 664–30 B.C.E. (Late-Ptolemaic Periods). 

This is my personal photograph and original text. DO NOT repost. 

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Egyptian Artifacts

Coffin of Nespanetjerenpere (Part II)

This mummy case 𓅱𓇋𓀾 belonged to a priest π“ŠΉπ“› named π“‚‹π“ˆ– Nespanetjerenpere and is on display at the Brooklyn Museum. Yesterday 𓋴𓆑𓇳 we looked at the front, and today π“‡π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“‡³ we are going to look at the back!

Coffin of Nespanetjerenpere
Me with the back of the Coffin of Nespanetjerenpere at the Brooklyn Museum

On the back, the gods π“ŠΉπ“ŠΉπ“ŠΉ Horus π“…ƒπ“€­ and Thoth π“…€π“€­ are depicted. On the left, the ibis 𓉔𓃀𓅀 headed god π“ŠΉ Thoth π“…€π“€­, and the god π“ŠΉ of writing is shown. On the right is Horus π“…ƒπ“€­, who is the falcon π“ƒ€π“‡‹π“Ž‘π“…„ headed god π“ŠΉ and the embodiment of divine kingship. He was considered to be the god π“ŠΉ of the pharaohs 𓉐𓉻π“₯ and the β€œLord of the Sky π“ŽŸπ“Šͺ𓏏𓇯.”

Thoth π“…€π“€­ and Horus π“…ƒπ“€­ are seen holding a Djed pillar π“Š½, which is the symbol of stability. The Djed pillar π“Š½ is thought to be the spine 𓇋𓄿𓏏𓄦 of Osiris π“Ήπ“Š¨π“€­. The Djed pillar π“Š½, shown here is even wearing the Atef crown π“‹š, which is the crown that Osiris π“Ήπ“Š¨π“€­ wears.Β 

Coffin of Nespanetjerenpere
The back of the Coffin of Nespanetjerenpere, showing Thoth (left), the djed pillar (center) and Horus (right)

It is very symbolic that this image 𓅱𓏏𓅱 appears where the spine 𓇋𓄿𓏏𓄦 of the mummy 𓅱𓇋𓀾 would be. It can be interpreted that Thoth π“…€π“€­ and Horus π“…ƒπ“€­are supporting the spine 𓇋𓄿𓏏𓄦 of the deceased person. 

When a person died 𓅓𓏏𓏱 and became β€œThe Osiris,” The Djed Pillar π“Š½ was then thought to represent their spine 𓇋𓄿𓏏𓄦! The spine 𓇋𓄿𓏏𓄦 was thought to keep Osiris π“Ήπ“Š¨π“€­ upright and able to function as the primary god π“ŠΉ of the dead 𓅓𓏏𓏱. This is even referenced in the The Book of the Dead: β€œRaise yourself up Osiris. You have your backbone once more, weary-hearted One; you have bones.” 

This is my personal photograph and original text. DO NOT repost without permission.

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Egyptian Artifacts Reading Hieroglyphs

Thoth on a Coffin

Let’s read some hieroglyphs π“ŠΉπ“Œƒπ“ͺ – with the god π“ŠΉ of writing π“Ÿπ“›π“₯ himself, Thoth 𓅝𓏏𓏭! I love Thoth 𓅝because I love hieroglyphs π“ŠΉπ“Œƒπ“ͺ and he’s my second favorite Egyptian deity!Β Let’s take a look at a depiction of Thoth on a coffin!

Thoth on a Coffin
Thoth on a Coffin depicted as an Ibis with a human body.

This photo 𓏏𓅱𓏏 shows some details on the mummiform coffin 𓅱𓇋𓀾 of a man named Kharrushere who lived during the Third Intermediate Period/22nd Dynasty (c. 825–712 B.C.E.). Elaborately decorated coffins 𓅱𓇋𓀾π“ͺ are very typical of this time period and I love just looking at them and enjoying the beautiful 𓄀𓆑𓂋 art!

Thoth 𓅝𓏏𓏭 was represented in multiple ways, and was always associated with either the baboon or the ibis 𓉔𓃀𓅀. When in humanoid form (like on this coffin 𓅱𓇋𓀾), he was represented as a human body with the head of an ibis 𓉔𓃀𓅀. 

Let’s break down the hieroglyphs π“ŠΉπ“Œƒ that are to the left of Thoth! 

π“†“π“Œƒπ“‡‹π“ˆ– – Words Spoken By

π“…€ – Thoth (β€œDjeuty” in Middle Egyptian)

π“ŽŸ – Lord

π“ŠΉπ“Œƒ – Hieroglyphs (β€œDivine Words/Writing”)

Thoth π“…€π“€­ was thought to have invented writing π“Ÿπ“›π“₯, and was thus the god π“ŠΉ of all record keeping, hence the epithet β€œLord of the Divine Words/Writing π“ŽŸπ“ŠΉπ“Œƒ.” Due to his vast knowledge, π“‚‹π“π“π“œ Thoth π“Ÿ was thought to know magic π“Ž›π“‚“π“„Ώπ“œ and secrets π“ƒ€π“‹΄π“†Ÿπ“›π“¦ that were unknown to the rest of the gods π“ŠΉπ“ŠΉπ“ŠΉ in the Egyptian pantheon. He was also the god π“ŠΉ of scribes π“Ÿπ“€€π“ͺ.

Thoth π“…€ has many ways to write his name π“‚‹π“ˆ– in hieroglyphs! Here are a few of them: 

π“…€π“€­ 

π“…€

𓅝𓏏𓏭𓀭

𓅝𓏏𓏭

π“Ÿ

Most of the deities π“ŠΉπ“ŠΉπ“ŠΉ in the Egyptian pantheon have many variations of ways to write their names in hieroglyphs π“ŠΉπ“Œƒ!

This is my personal photograph and original text. DO NOT repost without permission.

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Egyptian Artifacts

Ivory Amulet of Thoth

Amulets π“Šπ“Šͺπ“…†π“ͺ are some of my favorite ancient Egyptian artifacts because I really love tiny π“ˆ–π“†“π“‹΄π“…© things! It’s incredible how much artistry and detail can be seen even in the smallest π“ˆ–π“†“π“‹΄π“…© of objects! To the ancient Egyptians π“†Žπ“π“€€π“π“ͺ, amulets π“Šπ“Šͺπ“…†π“ͺ were significant because they were seen as being powerful magic π“Ž›π“‚“π“„Ώπ“œ in miniature form!Β 

Ivory Amulet of Thoth
Ivory Amulet of Thoth at the Brooklyn Museum.

During the 18th Dynasty, the use of amulets π“Šπ“Šͺπ“…†π“ͺ both by the living 𓆣𓂋𓀀π“ͺ and the dead 𓅓𓏏𓏱 was becoming more and more popular. The amulets π“Šπ“Šͺπ“…†π“ͺ used by the dead 𓅓𓏏𓏱 were wrapped within the linen 𓍱 bandages that wrapped mummies 𓇋𓁹𓅱𓀾π“ͺ, and these amulets π“Šπ“Šͺπ“…†π“ͺ helped the deceased 𓅓𓏏𓏱 reach the afterlife 𓇼𓄿𓏏𓉐. 

Amulets π“Šπ“Šͺπ“…†π“ͺ like this ivory π“‹π“ƒ€π“…±π“ŒŸ amulet π“Šπ“Šͺπ“…† of the god π“ŠΉ Thoth 𓅝𓏏𓏭𓀭 that is pictured 𓏏𓅱𓏏, was worn by a living person 𓆣𓂋𓀀π“ͺ. Sometimes people wore amulets π“Šπ“Šͺπ“…†π“ͺ like this one to proclaim their devotion to a specific god π“ŠΉ. Thoth 𓅝𓏏𓏭𓀭 is represented here as a man with the head of an ibis 𓉔𓃀𓅀, which was a very popular way to see him depicted in Egyptian art. 

Amulets π“Šπ“Šͺπ“…†π“ͺ of Thoth 𓅝𓏏𓏭𓀭 were also popular to be wrapped within mummy 𓇋𓁹𓅱𓀾 bandages, most likely due to Thoth’s 𓅝𓏏𓏭𓀭 role in the Weighing of the Heart. 

My Nonno loved amulets π“Šπ“Šͺπ“…†π“ͺ too, and he would always tell me to look out for the intact cord loop. I love how the loop is still intact on this amulet π“Šπ“Šͺπ“…† – it makes me think of my Nonno!Β Whenever I see amulets π“Šπ“Šͺπ“…†π“ͺ, I always make sure to look for it!

Ivory Amulet of Thoth
The Ivory Amulet of Thoth at the Brooklyn Museum. If you look closely behind his head, you can see the intact cord loop!

This is my personal photograph and original text. DO NOT repost without permission. 

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Reading Hieroglyphs

Thoth: Lord of the Divine Writing

Let’s read some hieroglyphs π“ŠΉπ“Œƒπ“ͺ!

TodayΒ π“‡π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“‡³ we are going to be looking at the name π“‚‹π“ˆ– of not only a very popular deity π“ŠΉ, but also one of my favorite deities π“ŠΉπ“ŠΉπ“ŠΉ (besides AnubisΒ π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“Šͺ𓅱𓃣 of course)!!Β 

This is the name π“‚‹π“ˆ– of the god π“ŠΉ Thoth π“…π“π“­ in hieroglyphs π“ŠΉπ“Œƒπ“ͺ! The name π“‚‹π“ˆ– Thoth 𓅝𓏏𓏭 is actually the Greek version of his name π“‚‹π“ˆ–; the ancient Egyptians referred to him as Djehuty 𓅝𓏏𓏭!

Let’s break down the hieroglyphic symbols π“ŠΉπ“Œƒπ“ͺ together π“ˆ–π“Š—! 

The β€œ Ibis on Standard 𓅝” symbol is a variant of the β€œIbis π“…žβ€ symbol and has the sound of β€œαΈαΈ₯wtj,” which we thing would sound like β€œDjehuty.” This symbol is an ideogram, so it represents the full sound of the word it is meant to represent. 

What’s interesting about the Middle Egyptian Language, is that even though ideograms like β€œπ“…β€ and β€œπ“Ÿβ€ would fully spell out Thoth’s name π“‚‹π“ˆ–, scribes would still add the phonograms to the end of the name π“‚‹π“ˆ– if there was enough space on the monument/object to do so! This made inscriptions π“Ÿπ“›π“₯ easier to read π“Ž”𓂧𓀁 and also look nicer! The ancient Egyptians π“†Žπ“π“€€π“π“ͺ were all about the aesthetic!

The β€œflat loaf of bread 𓏏” is a uniliteral phonogram used to represent the sound β€œt.” It also functions as the ideogram for the word β€œbread 𓏏𓏺” and can be used to make words feminine! 

The β€œtwo strokes 𓏭” symbol represents the sound β€œj” which in English would have the same sound as a β€œy.” It is usually only used at the end of a word!

Here are some variants of Thoth’s name π“‚‹π“ˆ–:

π“…€π“€­ 

π“Ÿ 

𓅝𓏏𓏭𓀭 

𓅝𓏏𓏭

𓅝

Thoth π“…€π“€­ was thought to have invented writing π“Ÿπ“›π“₯, and was thus the god π“ŠΉ of all record keeping. Due to his vast knowledge,Β π“‚‹π“π“π“œΒ Thoth π“Ÿ was thought to know magic and secrets that were unknown to the rest of the gods π“ŠΉπ“ŠΉπ“ŠΉ in the Egyptian pantheon.Β He was also the god π“ŠΉ of scribes π“Ÿπ“€€π“ͺ.

Let’s read the inscriptionΒ π“Ž˜π“…±π“Ž– in the picture above:Β 

𓅝𓏏𓏭 – Thoth (Djehuty)

π“ŽŸ – Lord

π“ŠΉπ“Œƒπ“‚‚π“‚‚π“‚‚π“Ÿ – Divine Words/Writing

β€œLord of the Divine Words/Writing π“ŽŸπ“ŠΉπ“Œƒπ“‚‚π“‚‚π“‚‚π“Ÿβ€ was one of Thoth’s 𓅝𓏏𓏭 many titles! This title makes perfect sense since he was thought to have invented writing π“Ÿπ“›π“₯/hieroglyphs π“ŠΉπ“Œƒπ“ͺ! Fun Fact: β€œwriting” was usually written as β€œπ“Ÿπ“‚‚π“‚‚π“‚‚,” but on this coffin it is switched to β€œπ“‚‚π“‚‚π“‚‚π“Ÿ!”

Thoth 𓅝𓏏𓏭 was originally god π“ŠΉ of the moon π“‡‹π“‚π“Ž›π“‡Ή, but then later became associated with writing π“Ÿπ“›π“₯ and knowledge π“‚‹π“π“π“œ. The moon π“‡‹π“‚π“Ž›π“‡Ή could be thought of as a β€œnight sun,” which kind of places him as an opposite of the sun 𓇳𓏺 god π“ŠΉ Re 𓇳𓏺𓁛. 

Thoth π“…€π“€­ is also credited with inventing the 365-day calendar which is one of the ancient Egyptians’ long lasting contributions to astronomy! As their math an astronomy got better, Egyptian astronomers even adjusted the year to be exactly 365.25 days, which is the exact time it takes the Earth 𓇾𓇾 to revolve around the Sun 𓇳𓏺! How amazing is that!?

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Egyptian Artifacts

Limestone Relief of Two Baboons

This is a sunken limestoneΒ π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“ˆ™π“Œ‰ relief from the Late Period – Ptolemaic Period (c.Β 400–200 B.C.E.). There’s a lot going on here in such a small space! Let’s take a look!Β 

Two 𓏻 baboons are offering Wedjat Eyes π“‚€π“‚€ to the god π“ŠΉ Khepri π“†£π“‚‹π“‡‹π“›, who is depicted as the scarab π“π“Šͺ𓂋𓂋𓆣. Khepri π“†£π“‚‹π“‡‹π“› represents the β€œnewborn sun” (sun at dawn). On the relief, Khepri π“†£π“‚‹π“‡‹π“› is holding the star β€œπ“‡½,” which is the sign for the Duat π“‡Όπ“„Ώπ“π“‰ (Underworld/Afterlife), and beneath him is a sun disc 𓇳𓏺 with sun rays π“†„𓅱𓇢 extending downward. 

The baboons in this relief are most likely associated with the god π“ŠΉ Thoth π“…π“π“­π“€­, who was often depicted as a baboon. The reason why they seem to be associated with Thoth π“…π“π“­π“€­ is because of the Wedjat Eyes π“‚€π“‚€ they are holding and also by the shen rings 𓍢𓍢 they are wearing on their heads. The shen rings π“Άπ“Ά are thought to represent the moon π“‡‹π“‚π“Ž›π“‡Ή, and since Thoth π“…π“π“­π“€­ is god π“ŠΉ of the moon π“‡‹π“‚π“Ž›π“‡Ή, he is commonly associated with this symbol!

The wedjat π“‚€ or the “Eye of Horus” is representative of the eye 𓁹𓏏𓏀 that Horus π“…ƒπ“€­ lost when battling Seth π“Šƒπ“π“„‘π“£. Thoth π“…€π“€­ restored Horus’ π“…ƒπ“€­ eye, however, the single Eye of Horus became a symbol of rebirth or healing π“‹΄π“ˆ–π“ƒ€π“œ.

The Shen ring 𓍢 symbol is a circle of rope that is tied at the end. The tied rope symbolizes completeness, infinity/eternity π“Ž›π“‡³π“Ž›, and is also a symbol of protection π“…“π“‚π“Ž‘π“€œ.

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Egyptian Artifacts

Limestone Relief of Thoth

This is a limestone relief of the god π“ŠΉ Thoth π“…€π“€­ at the Vatican Museum! While Anubis π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“Šͺ𓅱𓃣 is my favorite Egyptian god π“ŠΉ, Thoth π“…€π“€­ was always my second favorite because he was the god π“ŠΉ of scribes π“Ÿπ“€€π“ͺ and writing π“Ÿπ“›π“₯! Since I love hieroglyphs π“ŠΉπ“Œƒπ“ͺ, Thoth π“…€π“€­ was always a figure that I found fascinating!

Here are some fun facts about Thoth!
-β€œThoth” is actually his Greek name – in Egyptian his name is β€œDjehuty”

-While Thoth π“…€π“€­ is mainly known as being the patron of scribes π“Ÿπ“€€π“ͺ and the god π“ŠΉ of writing π“Ÿπ“›π“₯/creator of language, he is also considered the god π“ŠΉ of the sciences and the moon!

-He is credited with inventing the calendar and controlling space and time!

-Thoth π“…€π“€­ has also provided guidance to the other gods π“ŠΉπ“ŠΉπ“ŠΉ and can also be associated with truth and justice.

-Since Thoth π“…€π“€­ was the god π“ŠΉ of the moon, he replaced Ra 𓇳𓏺𓁛 in the sky at night π“ŽΌπ“‚‹π“Ž›π“„›.

-He can be represented as an Ibisπ“…ž, as a human body with an Ibis headπ“Ÿ, or as a baboon𓃻!

-He was the bookkeeper at the Weighing of the Heart Ceremony

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Egyptian Artifacts

The Book of the Dead of Hunefer

Β The Book of the Dead of Hunefer is one of my absolute favorite artifacts, and seeing it in the British Museum was a dream come true for me!

On the top panel, Hunefer (the deceased) stands before the 42 divine judges and pleads their lifetime of truth and moral doings. The Book of the Dead provided the deceased with the words to say so they would pass this trial!

On the bottom panel: This is the Weighing of the Heart ceremony! Let’s start from the left! Anubis π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“Šͺ𓅱𓃣 is leading Hunefer (the deceased) to the scales (not gonna lie, I’m a little jealous they are holding hands πŸ˜‚). Here, Anubis π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“Šͺ𓅱𓁒 weighs the heart 𓇋𓃀𓄣 of the deceased 𓅓𓏏𓏱 against Maat’s π“Œ΄π“™π“‚£π“π“¦ feather (Maat is sitting on top of the scales). If Anubis π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“Šͺ𓅱𓃣 determines there’s balance between the two 𓏻, that means that the deceased lived a truthful π“™π“Œ΄π“‚£π“π“†„ and just π“™π“Œ΄π“‚£π“π“†„π“œ life π“‹Ή.

Ammit 𓂝𓅓𓅓𓏏 (the Devourer of the Dead/Eater of Hearts) is there waiting to see if the deceased 𓅓𓏏𓏱 didn’t live a truthful π“™π“Œ΄π“‚£π“π“†„ life! If the deceased’s 𓅓𓏏𓏱 heart 𓇋𓃀𓄣 weighs more than the feather, Ammit 𓂝𓅓𓅓𓏏 would eat the heart 𓇋𓃀𓄣 and the deceased would β€œdie a second time” and not live in eternal paradise. Thoth π“…€π“€­ records the findings of the ceremony.

If the deceased 𓅓𓏏𓏱 passed the Weigning of the Heart, they would be presented to Osiris π“Ήπ“Š¨ π“€­ by Horus π“…ƒπ“€­ and would then enter the Field of Reeds π“‡π“π“ˆ…π“‡‹π“„Ώπ“‚‹π“…±π“†°π“Š– and live in eternal paradise!

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Egyptian Artifacts

Thoth Amulets

The god π“ŠΉ Thoth 𓅝𓏏𓏭𓀭(or Djehuty to the ancient Egyptians) was originally god π“ŠΉ of the moon, but then became associated with writing π“Ÿπ“›π“₯ and knowledge. He was also the god π“ŠΉ of scribes π“Ÿπ“€€π“ͺ. The moon could be thought of as a β€œnight sun,” which kind of places him as an opposite of the sun 𓇳𓏺 god π“ŠΉ Re 𓇳𓏺𓁛. Thoth π“…€π“€­ is also credited with inventing the 365-day calendar!

Thoth Amulets at the MET

Thoth π“…€π“€­ was thought to have invented writing π“Ÿπ“›π“₯, and was thus the god π“ŠΉ of all record keeping. Due to his vast knowledge, Thoth π“Ÿ was thought to know magic and secrets that were unknown to the rest of the gods π“ŠΉπ“ŠΉπ“ŠΉ in the Egyptian pantheon. In the Book of the Dead, Thoth π“…€π“€­ is at the extremely important Weighing of the Heart – which is the judgement of the deceased’s heart 𓇋𓃀𓄣 against Ma’at’s π“™π“Œ΄π“‚£π“π“¦ feather. His job was to record the results of the ceremony.

Thoth 𓅝𓏏𓏭𓀭 was usually represented as a man π“Šƒπ“€€π“€ with an ibis head (π“Ÿ), an ibis 𓉔𓃀𓅀 or a baboon. In this photograph, there are many faience π“‹£π“ˆ–π“π“Έπ“Ό statues of Thoth π“…€π“€­ as a baboon. These were very popular amongst scribes π“Ÿπ“€€π“ͺ, and amulets π“Šπ“Šͺπ“…†π“ͺ of Thoth 𓅝𓏏𓏭𓀭 were worn by the living to invoke wisdom!

Thoth can be written as: π“…€π“€­, 𓅝𓏏𓏭𓀭, π“Ÿ. He also had various titles such as β€œLord of the Divine Words,” β€œThree Times Great,” and β€œLord of Ma’at” amongst many others!

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Egyptian Artifacts

Thoth as a Babboon

This is a limestone π“‡‹π“ˆ–π“ˆ™π“Œ‰ statue π“„šπ“ˆ–π“π“­π“€Ύ of Thoth 𓅝𓏏𓏭𓀭! The god π“ŠΉ Thoth 𓅝𓏏𓏭𓀭 was usually depicted as a man π“Šƒπ“€€π“€ with the head of an ibis 𓉔𓃀𓅀, but was also commonly depicted as a baboon. The name π“‚‹π“ˆ– Thoth 𓅝𓏏𓏭𓀭 is actually the Greek version of his name π“‚‹π“ˆ–; the ancient Egyptians referred to him as Djehuty (𓅝-Djhu 𓏏- t, y-𓏭, π“€­).

While Thoth 𓅝𓏏𓏭𓀭 is mainly known as being the patron of scribes π“Ÿπ“€€π“ͺ, the god π“ŠΉ of writing π“Ÿπ“›π“₯, and the creator of language 𓂋𓏺, he is also considered the god π“ŠΉ of the sciences π“‚‹π“π“π“œπ“¦ and the moon π“‡‹π“‚π“Ž›π“‡Ή. The moon π“‡‹π“‚π“Ž›π“‡Ή could be thought of as a β€œnight sun,” which places him as an opposite of the sun 𓇳𓏺 god π“ŠΉ Ra 𓇳𓏺𓁛. Thoth π“…€π“€­ is also credited with inventing the 365-day calendar!

Since the moon π“‡‹π“‚π“Ž›π“‡Ή is commonly a symbol of wisdom, Thoth π“…€π“€­ was also associated with being very wise. Thoth π“…€π“€­ has also provided guidance to the other gods π“ŠΉπ“ŠΉπ“ŠΉ and can also be associated with truth π“™π“Œ΄π“‚£π“π“†„ and justice π“™π“Œ΄π“‚£π“π“†„π“œ. Thoth π“…€π“€­ was thought to have invented writing π“Ÿπ“›π“₯, and was thus the god π“ŠΉ of all record keeping. These characteristics are why he is the bookkeeper in the Weighing of the Heart Ceremony from the Book of the Dead. The scene acted as the β€œLast Judgment” of the deceased 𓅓𓏏𓏱.

Due to his vast knowledge, Thoth π“Ÿ was thought to know magic π“Ž›π“‚“π“„Ώπ“œ and secrets π“ƒ€π“‹΄π“†Ÿπ“›π“¦ that were unknown to the rest of the gods π“ŠΉπ“ŠΉπ“ŠΉ in the Egyptian pantheon. This made him an extremely powerful figure!

Thoth can be written as: π“…€π“€­, 𓅝𓏏𓏭𓀭, π“Ÿ. He also had various titles such as β€œLord of the Divine Words,” β€œThree Times Great,” and β€œLord of Ma’at” amongst many others!